臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

JPEG2000為Joint Photographic Experts Group組織在西元兩千年所發布之基於小波變換的圖像壓縮格式，支持破壞性資料壓縮和非破壞性資料壓縮。JPEG2000封包化的檔案資料支持更複雜的漸進式和可縮放性的顯示和下載，更為符合實際運用時的狀況。JPEG與JPEG2000相比，JPEG是基於離散餘弦變換(DCT)的圖像壓縮格式；而JPEG2000使用的離散小波轉換(DWT)能更有效地降低區塊效應（blocking effects），且熵編碼也從JPEG的霍夫曼編碼改用效能更佳的算術編碼。
JPEG2000主要核心的編碼為DWT、EBCOT(Embedded Block Coding with Optimal Truncation)、MQ ¬¬-code三個演算法組成。在現今有關於JPEG2000 架構的研究，多數是分析探討個別演算法之架構變化與改進；少部份的論文有針對EBCOT 與 MQ -code的架構的探討，其未有整體架構的研究。
本論文將對個別演算法之架構變化與改進更進一步與JPEG2000整體下去做探討。不同於軟體在系統上的限制，在硬體設計中設計者可以因需求而對架構重複的使用來達到程序平行的效果，並利用平行來減少記憶體的用量和增加執行速度。本論文所設計之二維DWT架構利用管線化架構與平行化架構兩者特性結合設計能即時處理整個N*N 大小的tile其水平方向與垂直方向一維離散小波轉換。本論文所設計之二維DWT與其他論文之二維DWT架構相較下大量減少轉置、延遲和幀所使用之記憶體數量與整個區塊所需的運算時間；與能處理整個N*N 大小tile的架構相較更是使用較少的元件數。EBCOT部分，本論文所設計的整體code block編碼架構則是利用Pass-parallel演算法之架構為基礎更一步的平行化架構。其架構能直接處理整個編碼區塊來減少EBCOT狀態的暫存、整體編碼區塊的運算時間與除去重覆讀取的花費時間。非使用本論文之整體code block編碼架構，因EBCOT的編碼速度與流程的限制下其後續MQ–code編碼部分在Pass流程機率獨立模式處理中只能使用三個MQ–code架構對應三個編碼方式的方式設計架構，則整體JPEG2000在MQ–code編碼部分需要大量運行時間。而Pass流程機率獨立模式下配合本論文之整體code block編碼架構能額外增加MQ–code架構的平行數量來減少整體JPEG2000在MQ–code編碼部分所需要的運行時間。
本論文二維DWT與本論文整體code block編碼架構和MQ–code架構三者的整合架構之JPEG2000 核心編碼器與他者相較下能大量減少記憶體的用量並且增進整體編碼的運行速度。可望在此改良下增進JPEG2000的使用率與普及率。

In 2000, the Joint Photographic Experts Group committee published an image compression standard JPEG2000 that is DWT-based and supports lossy and lossless compressions. It supports flexible image transmissions such as the progressive transmission and the scaling transmission according to the property of JPEG2000 has the packetized image compression data. The core of JPEG2000 consists of three schemes: DWT, Embedded Block Coding with Optimal Truncation (EBCOT) and MQ-coder. Previous works on the JPEG2000 architecture most of them were focus on the architecture alteration and performance improvement of the individual scheme. A portion of studies investigated the relationship of EBCOT and MQ-coder. There is no study investigates the overall core architecture. Thus, our work investigates the overall core of JPEG2000 architecture with architecture alteration as well as the performance improvement of individual schemes. In hardware design, due to the pipelined and the parallel processing techniques to reduce the amount of memory and to increase execution speed. Thus, we integrated the pipelined and the parallel techniques to design our 2-D DWT. Our 2-D DWT design can immediately deal the entire tile of image with the size of N*N. Moreover, the comparison with the other works shows that our design can greatly reduce the amount of memory and logic component counts. In EBCOT, we extended the pass-parallel method to develop our design. Because our EBCOT architecture can immediately handle the entire code block such that it reduces the mount of registers and the computing time. In previous works, the MQ code cost a lot of running time because those used individual scheme to perform each MQ code pass. However, our design has full pipelined and parallel property ensures that the execution speed can be increased. Because the proposed JPEG2000 encoder that integrates our 2-D DWT architecture, the novel EBCOT coder and MQ coder to process the whole code block. Therefore, the proposed JPEG2000 encder has better performance than that of other works.

誌 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 預先處理 5
第一節 切割 5
第二節 直流準位位移 6
第三節 色彩空間轉換 6
第三章 離散小波轉換 7
第一節 離散小波轉換目的與特色 7
第二節 離散小波轉換摺積架構 7
第三節 離散小波轉換Lifting架構 12
第四節 二維離散小波轉換之研究與比較 16
第四章 EBCOT 29
第一節 EBCOT之介紹 29
第二節 EBCOT相關演算法介紹 35
第三節 EBCOT平行化 39
第五章 MQ-code 45
第一節 Q-code之介紹 45
第二節 MQ-code之介紹 46
第三節 MQ-code架構之探討 46
第六章 整體比較 53
第一節 結構部分之比較 53
第二節 時間與空間複雜度之比較 57
第七章 結論 59
參考文獻 60
附錄A 實作結果 64
第一節實驗之整體架構與軟體功能說明 64
第二節 實驗結果與影像品質 71
附錄B SOCLE CDK Cross Compiler之環境建立 74

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