臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在模擬新型未開發的高能分子，基於文獻中高能化合物TNAD (1,4,5,8-tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin)與TNAZ (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine)的合成經驗上，爰以不同的胺反應物取代原反應物，運用密度函數理論B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)及半經驗PM3分子軌域法計算方法模擬TNAD、TNAZ及預測十種相關分子衍生物之存在。研究中先以自行建立之多參數修正式結合最小平方誤差概念修正Gaussian 98程式B3LYP/6-31+G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)法及PM3法的計算能量以求得準確的分子生成焓(ΔHf)與生成自由能(ΔGf)。其次進行TNAD與TNAZ的分解反應機構模擬，依據本實驗室發展之s-p分開型INDO程式計算分子內部鍵能並預判斷裂最可能發生的位置，做為探討分解路徑的重要參考，研究發現初始幾個步驟的分解反應以脫去順、反式亞硝酸分子可能性高，脫去反式亞硝酸分子的活化能，在TNAD分解的起始步驟中，低於脫去順式亞硝酸分子的活化能有18.5 kJ/mol。而在TNAZ分解的起始步驟中，脫去反式亞硝酸分子則較脫去順式亞硝酸分子的活化能低了33.3 kJ/mol，甚至較文獻認為發生自N-NO2斷裂的起始反應步驟的活化能低了28.5 kJ/mol，脫去反式亞硝酸分子的路徑更是容易進行。藉助於QST2(或QST3)的過渡態模擬程序本文中完成了所有分解反應路徑的建立。本研究除重視上述之理論研究外，更運用前述之生成焓進行爆炸性能之預測。在此研究的最後階段以原子基團體積加成法估算目標分子的體積，進一步獲得分子的密度，併同最小平方誤差法修正程式計算能量得到之生成焓轉而求得的分子爆熱，藉由Kamlet-Jacobs經驗方程式求取分子爆速及爆壓等有關之爆炸性能數值，結果顯示包含TNAD在內的六種分子衍生物中，二種與傳統使用的TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene)性能相當，四種甚至凌駕於TNT，趨近於RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)之爆炸性能；而在TNAZ等六種分子衍生物中，四種的爆炸性能介於TNT與RDX之間，二種超越RDX的性能並與HMX的性能相當，具有開發的價值。

誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT v
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xii
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究背景 6
1.2.1 新型高能化合物的合成實例 8
1.2.2 熱力學能量的估測 9
1.2.3 爆炸反應動力學問題探討 10
1.2.4 爆速及爆壓的經驗方程式 11
1.3 研究方向 11
1.3.1 高能分子衍生物模擬預測 13
1.3.2 高能分子熱力學性質探究 17
1.3.3 高能分子爆炸分解可能途徑 17
1.3.4 高能分子爆炸性能的分析比較 18
2. 高能分子的幾何與振動光譜分析 19
2.1 B3LYP之密度函數理論與基底函數簡介 20
2.2 最適化分子幾何與光譜的比對分析 22
2.2.1 TNAD分子幾何與振動分析 24
2.2.2 TNAD分子衍生物幾何與振動分析 28
2.2.3 TNAZ分子幾何與振動分析 30
2.2.4 TNAZ分子衍生物幾何與振動分析 34
3. 高能分子及衍生物的熱力學性質 37
3.1 Benson 的加成方法 37
3.2 半經驗分子軌域法 39
3.3 Ab initio法與G3組合法 40
3.4 量子化學與最小平方參數修正之組合計算法 43
3.4.1 最小平方法的公式原理 44
3.4.2 最小平方參數修正式的建立 45
3.5 不同型分子的熱力學能量計算實例 48
3.5.1 G98程式計算能量 53
3.5.2 最小平方修正能量 54
3.5.3 經驗參數之推廣應用 57
4. 高能分子及衍生物的動力學分解研究 59
4.1 區域化鍵分布分析法 60
4.2 反應過渡態模擬 61
4.3 分解反應的路徑 62
4.3.1分解反應物、中間物與產物的穩定態模擬 62
4.3.2 分解反應的過渡態模擬 70
4.3.3 分解反應物種之能量修正 75
4.3.4 TNAD的分解路徑 80
4.3.5 TNAZ的分解路徑 82
5. 高能分子及衍生物的爆炸性能預測 89
5.1 分子密度之估算 90
5.2 高能分子及衍生物性能分析 95
6. 研究總結 101
參考文獻 106
發表著作 126
附 錄 129
自 傳…………………………………………………………………………...180

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