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參考文獻 (Harrington and Danzon 1994, Sommer 1996, Beaver, McNichols et al. 2003, Gaver and Paterson 2004, Epermanis and Harrington 2006, Grace and Leverty 2012)
Beaver, W. H., et al. (2003). "Management of the loss reserve accrual and the distribution of earnings in the property-casualty insurance industry." Journal of Accounting and Economics 35(3): 347-376.
Epermanis, K. and S. E. Harrington (2006). "Market discipline in property/casualty insurance: Evidence from premium growth surrounding changes in financial strength ratings." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking: 1515-1544.
Gaver, J. J. and J. S. Paterson (2004). "Do insurers manipulate loss reserves to mask solvency problems?" Journal of Accounting and Economics 37(3): 393-416.
Grace, M. F. and J. T. Leverty (2012). "Property–liability insurer reserve error: Motive, manipulation, or mistake." Journal of Risk and Insurance 79(2): 351-380.
Harrington, S. E. and P. M. Danzon (1994). "Price cutting in liability insurance markets." Journal of Business: 511-538.
Sommer, D. W. (1996). "The impact of firm risk on property-liability insurance prices." Journal of Risk and Insurance: 501-514.
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