臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光體積變化描記圖 ( Photoplethysmogram，PPG ) 主要是利用光線照射進皮膚內，光線會穿過生物組織中行進，心臟的搏動造成血管管徑變化時，投射的光線經折射後，由接收器接收訊號產生連續變化波形，應用在人體及生理訊號的量測時可以達到非侵入式量測的目的。現代的人比較注重健康，許多穿戴式裝置都往醫療保健的方向發展，其中光學心率監測被大量運用，不過市面上大多數具備光學感測器的產品性能表現都不如胸戴式心率感測裝置；也有許多文獻指出相關於PPG心率量測的不穩定。因PPG Sensor較脆弱，所以必須在加上一層鏡片來防止進水並保護PPG的Sensor，但因為會影響到PPG Sensor的接收結果，所以加上了不同材質的鏡片來做測試。本研究中，主要以PPG使用的光源特性以及結構變化的差異來進行探討。分別為PPG Sensor與LED之間的距離遠近的接收結果、加上鏡片的材質與厚度配合來達到最好的接收訊號。

相關詞：光體積變化描記圖、心電描記圖、感測器、光源特性

Photoplethysmogram (PPG) using light illuminate into the skin, light will be through the biological tissues, the vascular caliber changes caused by heart beats, after irradiation of light by refraction, to produce a continuous variation waveform signal received by the receiver, can achieve non-invasive measurement of the amount of the purpose of the application in the human body and physiological signals measured. Nowadays people are more health conscious, many wearable devices are toward the development of health care, in which the optical heart rate monitors have been widely used, but the majority of the market with optical sensor product performance not as good as chest-worn heart rate sensing device, there are a lot of literature that related to PPG heart rate measurement instability. Because PPG Sensor is fragile, so we add a layer of the lens to prevent the water and protect the PPG Sensor, but it will affect the reception result PPG Sensor, so add a different lens material to do the test. In this study, the main characteristics of the light source and the difference between structural changes PPG used to explore, The results were received from the PPG Sensor distance between the LED and, together with the material and thickness of the lens to achieve the best signal reception.

Keyword：Photoplethysmogram (PPG)、Electrocardiography(ECG)、Sensor、Source characteristics

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1 文獻探討 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 論文章節結構 2
第二章 理論探討 3
2.1 PPG介紹 3
2.2 PPG訊號波形組成 4
第三章 研究方法 5
3.1量測過程 5
3.1.1使用設備 5
3.1.2 量測APP介紹 6
3.2 研究方法流程架構 7
3.2.1 量測變數設置 8
3.2.2 LED與Sensor變數設置 9
3.3 塑膠鏡片實際量測數據 10
3.3.1 塑膠鏡片1mm量測 10
3.3.1.1 LED放置A距離 10
3.3.1.2 LED放置B距離 12
3.3.1.3 LED放置C距離 15
3.3.1.4 LED放置D距離 19
3.3.1.5 LED放置E距離 21
3.3.2 塑膠鏡片0.5mm量測 25
3.3.2.1 LED放置A距離 25
3.3.2.3 LED放置B距離 28
3.3.2.3 LED放置C距離 30
3.3.2.3 LED放置D距離 33
3.3.2.2 LED放置E距離 37
3.4 玻璃鏡片實際量測數據 39
3.4.1 LED距離Sensor 6mm 40
3.4.2 LED距離Sensor 2mm 40
3.4.2 量測波形圖- LED距離Sensor 6mm 42
3.4.2.1 驅動電流設置為100mA 42
3.4.2.2 驅動電流設置為120mA 42
3.4.2.2 驅動電流設置為160mA 42
3.4.3 量測波形圖- LED距離Sensor 2mm 43
3.4.3.1 驅動電流設置為100mA 43
3.4.3.2 驅動電流設置為120mA 43
3.4.3.1 驅動電流設置為160mA 44
第四章 量測結果分析 45
4.1 塑膠鏡片結果分析 45
4.2 玻璃鏡片結果分析 45
第五章 結論 46
參考文獻 47

[1]張立楷, “消除PPG信號上移動干擾之研究,” 碩士論文,電機工程學系,淡江大學, 2014.
[2]Hsien-Wei Tseng, Chien-Da Huang, Liang-Yu Yen, Ting-Wei Lin, Yung-Wen Lee and Yi-Lun Chen, “A Method of Measuring Sleep Quality by Using PPG,” 2016 International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan, p.p. 228-229, 2016.
[3]H. W. Tseng, L. P. Chin, C. D. Huang, Y. H. Lee and F. Di, "Eliminating motion artifacts in PPG," Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-TW), 2015 IEEE, pp. 104-105.
[4]D.Narayana Dutt, S.Shruthi, “Digital Processing ofECG and PPG Signals for Study of Arterial Parameters for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment,” IEEE ICCSP 2015, p.p. 1506-1510.
[5]L. Feng, L. M. Po, X. Xu, Y. Li and R. Ma, "Motion-Resistant Remote Imaging Photoplethysmography Based on the Optical Properties of Skin," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 879-891, May 2015.
[6]W. Wang, S. Stuijk and G. de Haan, "Unsupervised Subject Detection via Remote PPG," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 2629-2637, Nov. 2015.
[7]X. F. Teng and Y. T. Zhang, "Theoretical Study on the Effect of Sensor Contact Force on Pulse Transit Time," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1490-1498, Aug. 2007.
[8]D. N. Dutt and S. Shruthi, "Digital processing of ECG and PPG signals for study of arterial parameters for cardiovascular risk assessment," Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2015 International Conference on, Melmaruvathur, 2015, pp. 1506-1510.
[9]P. C. Lin, P. H. Huang, C. C. Chang, H. Y. Hsu and T. C. Hsiao, "A novel index of photoplethysmography by using instantaneous pulse rate variability during non-stationary condition," Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-TW), 2015 IEEE International Conference on, Taipei, 2015, pp. 100-101.
[10]M. H. Shah, K. A. Sidek, S. Khan, S. A. Kazmi and K. A. Kadir, "Measurement of Photoplythsmography signal for Heart Rate Variability and comparison of two different age groups," 2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, Pisa, 2015, pp. 1981-1986.
[11]L. Xu, D. Guo, F. E. H. Tay and S. Xing, "A wearable vital signs monitoring system for pervasive healthcare," Sustainable Utilization and Development in Engineering and Technology (STUDENT), 2010 IEEE Conference on, Petaling Jaya, 2010, pp. 86-89.
[12]A. Y. K. Timimi and M. A. M. Ali, "Sensor factors influencing photoplethysmography," Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), 2014 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on, Ishigaki, 2014, pp. 415-418.
[13]S. Sangurmath and N. Daimiwal, "Application of photoplethysmography in blood flow measurement," Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC), 2015 International Conference on, Pune, 2015, pp. 929-933.
[14]S. Lee, H. Shin and C. Hahm, "Effective PPG sensor placement for reflected red and green light, and infrared wristband-type photoplethysmography," 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), Pyeongchang Kwangwoon Do, South Korea, 2016, pp. 1-1.
[15]J. Kraitl, U. Timm, H. Ewald and E. Lewis, "Non-invasive measurement of blood components," Sensing Technology (ICST), 2011 Fifth International Conference on, Palmerston North, 2011, pp. 253-257.
[16]A. K. Y. Wong, K. P. Pun, Y. T. Zhang and K. N. Leung, "A Low-Power CMOS Front-End for Photoplethysmographic Signal Acquisition With Robust DC Photocurrent Rejection," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 280-288, Dec. 2008.
[17]J. Lee, K. Matsumura, K. i. Yamakoshi, P. Rolfe, S. Tanaka and T. Yamakoshi, "Comparison between red, green and blue light reflection photoplethysmography for heart rate monitoring during motion," 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Osaka, 2013, pp. 1724-1727.
[18]Y. Maeda, M. Sekine, T. Tamura, A. Moriya, T. Suzuki and K. Kameyama, "Comparison of reflected green light and infrared photoplethysmography," 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vancouver, BC, 2008, pp. 2270-2272.
[19]F. Peng, W. Wang and H. Liu, "Development of a reflective PPG signal sensor," 2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Dalian, 2014, pp. 612-616.
[20]Y. Lee, H. Shin, J. Jo and Y. K. Lee, "Development of a wristwatch-type PPG array sensor module," 2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics -Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), Berlin, 2011, pp. 168-171.