臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國際間的貨運運輸在成本的考量下，使得船舶運輸體系和航空運輸相比，在經濟上佔有絕對的優勢；尤其現今船舶科技的進步，使得航行的速度加快，航運安全性全面提昇，配合其原有大運輸量的特色，可預見在未來的運輸業市場中仍將佔有一席之地。在能源危機之後，船舶航運市場因航運成本激增，新船的建造無不以降低燃油成本為主要的考量；經過多年的努力，船舶引擎性能的改進大多朝向使用劣質燃油、降低引擎轉速及高溫高壓之熱力循環等方向改進發展，以期提高螺漿之推進效率並增加引擎單位重量之馬力輸出，最終達到降低成本的目的。
在高溫高壓的熱力循環發展狀況下，引擎活塞承受的溫度、壓力均較以往的引擎增高許多。各部份的往復構件因承受過大的熱應力而導致材料燒損的案例亦較以往增加許多，改善的方法唯有從更佳的機械材料或是採用更有效率的冷卻系統這方面著手。
將表面粗糙法之內設凸起物（Rib）冷卻技術應用於工業界，以增進熱傳性能之技術已是十分普遍，然而應用於柴油主機內承受往復運動狀態之活塞冷卻系統，形成流場隨著邊界作往復運動之熱傳性能研究仍屬少見；關於與往復運動正交下的冷卻通道熱傳性能改善，之前的相關論文中均未曾提及過，在本文中是首度被提出。
本論文利用無因次的方法，對受到與往復運動正交方向之流場進行參數分析，建立控制此流場熱傳性能之參數後，模擬實際船舶主機運轉時活塞之冷卻情形並進行實驗量測，作為評估活塞冷卻之基準，然後應用現已實用於工業界的技術，在與往復運動正交方向之圓形冷卻通道中加裝凸起物以增加熱傳效能並予以測量其熱傳係數及其相關之物理現象，據以討論此流場受往復力之影響，在週向不同位置之熱傳情形以及其與平行於往復運動方向之流場的差異。本研究所得將可作為研發及改進此類船用低速柴油引擎活塞冷卻系統之參考。

The fuel economy plays the most important requirement for a marine propulsion plant as it has the decisive influence on the operating cost of a ship. In general the improvements of the propulsive and engine efficiencies could reduce the fuel consumption. As an attempt to enhance the competitive advantages for the marine transportation business, the use of low quality and high viscosity diesel fuel and the high temperature as well as pressure thermodynamic cycle has been a global trend for the development of marine diesel engine.
The first stage of this research project applies the experimental method when the parametric analysis for the flow and energy equations was performed. The flow parameters, which controlled the heat transfer phenomena in the coolant channel of the piston, are identified; the experimental facilities and program will be established in accordance with the parametric conditions experienced by a real marine diesel engine. The experimental result for the flow within smooth-walled duct under the reciprocating motion will be used as the reference datum to assess the results for the study of heat transfer augmentation. As an attempt to enhance the cooling performance, the ribs will be installed in the coolant channels which flow was orthogonal mode for the piston moving direction. Finally, the results obtained for the tests with heat transfer augmentation devices will be compared with the smooth-walled test results. As long as the experimental tests are completed, the heat transfer correlation could be developed to assist the shipping industry during the design manufacturing stages for the marine diesel engine.

目 錄
摘要 I
目錄 II
圖目錄 IV
符號說明 VI
第一章 前言 1
1.1 工業背景 1
1.2 學術背景 4
1.3 文獻回顧 6
1.4 研究方法 10
第二章 理論分析 12
2.1 無因次化流場之動量方程式 12
2.2 無因次化流場之能量方程式 17
第三章 實驗設備 20
3.1 往復機組配置 20
3.2 變壓器、流量計 21
3.3訊號擷取控制系統 21
3.4 熱傳實驗測試體 23
第四章 實驗步驟與數值分析 26
4.1 參數範圍 27
4.2 實驗步驟 28
4.3 數值處理方法 29
4.3.1無因次參數之物理意義 31
4.3.2 無因次參數之計算 32
第五章 實驗結果與討論 33
第六章 結論 39
參考文獻 69
自述 71

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