臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鉛與鋅廣泛運用在人類生活與工業製造中，因此選定作為調查的重金屬項目。本研究透過調查臺灣野外小型食肉目動物血液鉛、鋅的濃度及血液學調查，評估目前臺灣地區環境鉛、鋅汙染在不同人類活動模式區域造成的衝擊。研究對象選定四種優勢小型食肉目動物：麝香貓 ( Viverricula indica taivana )、白鼻心 ( Paguma larvata taivana )、鼬獾 ( Melogale moschata subaurantiaca )、食蟹獴 ( Herpestes urva ) 作為研究動物模式。調查樣區選定可代表臺灣不同地域發展與人類活動密度模式差異的區域作為臺灣主要兩種人類開發模式的比較，北臺灣樣區選定陽明山樣區作為高密度人類活動區與自然環境的交界緩衝區同時亦有交通往來與開發；東臺灣樣區選定秀姑巒溪南北岸沿岸，作為人類低度開發干擾的淺山地區模式。陽明山國家公園樣區的動物捕捉季自2012年秋季起始至2015年春季結束；秀姑巒溪南北岸樣區捕捉季自2014年秋季至2015年春季終止。北臺灣樣區共獲得麝香貓4隻、白鼻心7隻、鼬獾2隻；東臺灣樣區共計有20隻鼬獾、4隻食蟹獴。人工飼養樣本共計有6隻麝香貓、6隻白鼻心。

調查結果包括：四種野生小型食肉目物種個別及物種組內血液鉛鋅濃度平均值、標準誤差、最大值、最小值、95%信賴區間、白鼻心同物種間野生與人類飼養長大血液鉛鋅濃度之差異性、麝香貓同物種間野生與人類飼養長大血液鉛鋅濃度差異性、鼬獾同物種不同樣區血液鉛鋅濃度、四種物種之間血液鉛與鋅的濃度是否有差異性；四種物種的血液生化檢驗值數據統計、各物種血液鉛與鋅濃度與血液生化值檢驗之相關性以及血液學檢查結果。

研究結果顯示目前四種小型食肉目動物的血鉛、血鋅濃度尚在低值。然而麝香貓的分組分析發現環境重金屬暴露期較長對於血液鉛濃度有升高的趨勢；北臺灣樣區的鼬獾與東臺灣鼬獾血鉛濃度有顯著差異，不同人類活動模式樣區需要更多的樣本監測確認兩樣區的人類活動影響。過去臺灣並沒有相似結合食肉目動物重金屬調查與血液生化學分析的研究，全面瞭解重金屬對食肉目動物健康之影響。此外除白鼻心已建立圈養個體之血液參考值，其他三種小型食肉目動物尚未建立血液學參考值，血液學檢驗結果具有野生健康個體的數值參考價值。此研究建立臺灣以野生動物作為重金屬監控動物，未來若能持續長期調查並衍伸調查廣度與面向，以本研究之成果延伸加入環境重金屬背景濃度的調查、食物鏈階層關係、食肉目動物捕食對象重金屬濃度調查，對於評估人類活動對於野生動物的衝擊，野生動物保育、島內人群的健康將會有更高更全面的的價值與助益。

Lead has been recognized as the most widespread metal pollutant in cities and zinc is used as a very common element for industrial and daily use. The study aim is to investigate environmental lead and zinc pollution and the impaction on wildlife in Taiwan. Viverricula indica taivana, Paguma larvata taivana, Melogale moschata subaurantiaca, and Herpestes urva were included in this study for the investigation of lead and zinc concentration in blood of wild small carnivores in Taiwan. Two study areas were set up as different sample models, Yangmingshan National Park is near highly urbanized Taipei city and eastern Taiwan low attitude mountain region by Xiuguluan river bank as low human active density area. Double-door cage trap and squirrel trap were used, there were total 4 Viverricula indica taivana, 7 Paguma larvata taivana, 2 Melogale moschata subaurantiaca caught in northern sampling area from autumn of 2012 to spring of 2015; Another 20 Melogale moschata subaurantiaca, 4 Herpestes urva were caught in eastern sampling area from autumn of 2014 to spring of 2015. Human reared ( Captive ) sample included 6 Viverricula indica taivana, 6 Paguma larvata taivana.

Statistics analysis for lead and blood zinc concentration in blood of 4 species of carnivore shows the information of mean, standard error of the mean, maximum, minimum, 95% confidential region, difference between wild and captive Paguma larvata taivana, difference between wild and captive Viverricula indica taivana, difference between sample area of Melogale moschata subaurantiaca, and the correlation between blood work result and lead and zinc in blood. CBC and blood biochemistry results are also included in this study.

Study result reveals blood lead and blood zinc concentration of those 4 species are at low level at the sample time interval. However, there is a significant difference in blood lead concentration between two sampling area in Melogale moschata subaurantiaca, this could be the result of different density of exploitation. In the Viverricula indica taivana group, the analysis reveal the length of period exposure to the environmental heavy metal may be a predisposing factor of blood lead concentration.
There was no similar study in Taiwan combining heavy meatal investigation and healthy, physical examination of small carnivores, and there is no reference intervals in 3 of the 4 species except Pauma larvata taivana. The blood work results could also provide some useful information for veterinary practice. This study has established preliminary results of heavy metal investigation in wildlife, further elaborate the soil, prey of the carnivores extending from this study should be a continuously research, long term heavy metal study in wildlife is crucial for wildlife conservation, human public health, and help to understand the impact of human activities on wildlife in Taiwan.

國立臺灣大學碩士學位論文口試委員會審訂書 I
致謝 II
中文摘要 III
Abstract V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XI
第一章 序言 1
第二章 文獻探討 2
第一節 臺灣小型食肉目簡介 2
第二節 研究目標動物個別介紹 2
一、麝香貓 2
二、白鼻心 3
三、鼬獾 3
四、食蟹獴 4
第三節 以野生食肉目動物作為環境重金屬指標動物 6
一、研究目標動物的選擇 6
二、以動物模式作為重金屬研究對象的方式 8
第四節 鉛 10
第五節 鋅 13
第三章 實驗材料與方法 14
一、實驗對象 14
二、實驗區域 14
三、實驗材料 16
四、實驗方法 17
第四章 結果 22
第一節 小型食肉目動物鉛鋅濃度調查結果 22
一、各物種鉛鋅濃度 22
二、麝香貓分組檢驗 25
三、白鼻心分組檢驗 25
四、鼬獾分組檢驗 26
五、物種之間血液鉛與鋅的濃度是否有差異 26
第二節 各物種與血液生化值的比較 36
一、麝香貓血液生化檢驗值與血液中鉛、鋅濃度之關聯性 36
二、白鼻心血液生化檢驗值與血液中鉛、鋅濃度之關聯性 36
三、鼬獾血液生化檢驗值與血液中鉛、鋅濃度之關聯性 36
四、食蟹獴血液生化檢驗值與血液中鉛、鋅濃度之關聯性 36
第五章 討論 43
第一節 各物種鉛鋅濃度與分組調查 43
一、人工飼養與野外個體之比較 43
二、地域發展與人類活動密度模式差異探討 44
三、物種差異探討 46
四、與其他利用動物調查環境重金屬汙染研究的異同 48
第二節 血液學檢查結果之探討 49
第六章 結論 52
參考文獻 53

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