臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高頻切換式電源供應器在操作上容易因變壓器和功率開關的寄生元件在開關Turn-off時產生過高的峰值電壓應力，傳統上RCD 箝位設計方式會因儲存在變壓器漏電感上的能量消耗在箝位電阻上降低了轉換器的整體效率，利用主動箝位(Active Clamp)電路可降低功率開關於Turn-off時流經功率開關時的峰值電壓應力，並利用儲存在變壓器漏電感上的能量及外加的箝位電容和功率開關的寄生元件達到零電壓切換(Zero-Voltage-Switching)的目的，進而降低功率開關的切換損失及降低電磁干擾(EMI)，提高轉換器整體效率。
主動箝位電路的動作原理和實驗於本文中將被實現，實驗結果將於本文中描述和討論。

The high voltage stress of power semiconductors caused by the parasitic element of the transformer and the power switch in high frequency switching mode power supply when power switch is turn off . RCD clamped circuit is used to limit the switch voltage surge. However, the energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance will be dissipated in the clamp resister. It will reduce the efficiency of converter. In this paper an active clamp circuit technology is used to reduce the peak voltage stress across the power switch. The transformer leakage inductance and the equivalent capacitor including the clamp capacitor and the parasitic element across power switch are used to achieve the Zero Voltage Switching for power switch. The active clamp scheme can reduce switching loss at power switch, reduce EMI, and increase power converter efficiency.
The operation principle of active clamped flyback converter is presented. The experimental results are discussed is this paper.

中文摘要
英文摘要
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
符號說明
第一章 緒論
1-1 簡介
1-2 問題描述
1-3 電源供應器之介紹
1-3-1 線性式電源供應器
1-3-2 切換式電源供應器
第二章 柔性切換技術
2-1 脈波寬度調變
2-2 硬性切換
2-2-1 功率開關寄生元件
2-2-2 高頻變壓器寄生元件
2-2-3 切換損失
2-3 柔性切換
2-3-1 零電壓切換
2-3-2 零電流切換
第三章 隔離反馳式轉換器
3-1 隔離返馳式轉換器基本原理
3-2 隔離返馳式轉換器連續導通模式之穩態分析
3-3 隔離返馳式轉換器CCM/DCM之邊界條件
3-4 隔離返馳式轉換器不連續導通模式之穩態分析
3-5 隔離返馳式轉換器之優缺點
3-5-1 隔離返馳式轉換器之優點
3-5-2 隔離返馳式轉換器之缺點
第四章 主動箝位降壓型轉換器
4-1 主動箝位電路架構
4-2 主動箝位工作原理
4-3 零電壓切換條件
4-4 變壓器磁化電感值選擇
4-5 變壓器匝數比選擇
4-6 功率開關選擇
4-7 最小責任週期計算
4-8 諧振電感值選擇
4-9 箝位電容值選擇
4-10 輸出整流二極體選擇
4-11 輸出電容值選擇
第五章 控制電路說明
5-1 控制IC簡介
5-2 UCC-3580 IC特點
5-3 空白時間規劃
5-4 緩啟動
5-5 震盪頻率規劃
5-6 電壓模式控制
5-7 前饋式電壓模式控制
5-8 電流模式控制
第六章 實驗結果
6-1 實驗參數說明
6-2 實驗波形說明
第七章 結論參考文獻
附錄 硬體電路實體照片自傳

[1] R. Waison, C. Lee, G. C. Hua, 1996,“Utilization of an Active-Clamp Circuit to Achieve Soft Switching in Flyback Converters”,IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol.11,No.4, pp. 162-169.
[2] R. Watson, Guichao C. Hua, and C. Lee, 1986,“Characterization of an Active Clamp Flyback Topology for Power Factor Correction Application”,IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol.11,No.1, pp. 191-198.
[3] P. Alou, O.Garcia, J.A. Cobos, J. Uceda,and M. Rascon, 2002,“Flyback with Active Clamp:a suitable topology for Low Power and Very Wide Input Voltage Range applications”,IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol.04,No.4, pp. 241-248.
[4] 梁適安譯，1998年，高頻交換式電源供應器，全華科技圖書。
[5] Freeland, S. and R. D. Middlebrook., 1986, “A Unified Analysis of Converters with Resonant Switches”,IEEE PESC, pp. 20-30.
[6] Johnson, S. D., A. F. Witulski, and R. W. Erickson., 1988,“A Comparison of Resonant Topologies in High Voltage Applications”,IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 24, pp. 263-274.
[7] Liu, K., and F. C. Lee., 1984,“Resonant Switches-A Unified Approach to Improve Performances of Switching Converters”,IEEE INTELEC Conference Records, PP. 345-351.
[8] Liu, K., R. Oruganti. and F. C. LEE., 1987,“Resonant Switches-Topologies and Characteristics”,IEEE PESC, pp. 106-116.
[9] E. S. Kim, K. Y. Joe, and Y. B. Byun, 1997,“An improved soft switching forward DC/DC converter using energy recovery snubber”,IEEE INTELEC, pp. 46- 49.
[10] Farrington, R., M. Jovanovic, and F. C. Lee, 1990,“Constant Frequency Zero-Voltage-Switched Multi-Resonant Converter: Analysis, Design and Experimental Results”,IEEE PESC, pp. 197-205.
[11] Hayes, J. G., N. Mohan and C. P. Henze, 1988,“Zcro Voltage Switching In A Digitally Controlled Resonant DC-DC Power Converter”,IEEE APEC, pp. 360-367.
[12] Henze, C. P., H. C. Martin and D. W. Parsely, 1988,“Zero Voltage Switching In High Frequency Power Converters Using Pulse Width Modulation”,IEEE APEC, pp. 23-32.
[13] Liu, K. and F. C. Lee,“Zero Voltage Switching Techniuqe In DC-DC Converters”, IEEE PESC, pp. 58-70.
[14] Qian, J., Batarseh, K. Siri and M. Ehsani, 1995,“A Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching Boost Converter Using A Nonlinear Magnetizing Inductor of The Transformer”,IEEE APEC, pp. 490-495.
[15] Redl, R., L. Belogh and D. Edwards, 1994,“Optimum ZVS Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter with PWM Phase-Shift Control: Analysis, Design Considerations and Experimental Results”,IEEE APEC, pp. 159-165.
[16] C. Lee, 1988,“High-Frequency Quasi-Resonant Converter Technologies”Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.76, No.4.
[17] H. Chunh, S. Y. R. Hui, and W. H. Wang, 1988,“An isolated ZVS/ZCS flyback converter using the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor”,IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol.45,No.4, pp. 679-682.
[18] Chung, H.S.H., Hui, S.Y.R., Chan, K.M. and Chung, C.T., 2000,“A ZCS Bi-directional Flyback DC/DC Converter Using the Leakage Inductance of the Coupled Inductor”,IEEE APEC, pp. 979-985.
[19] Wakabayashi, F.T., Bonato, M.J.and Canesin, C.A., 1999,“A New Family of Zero-Current-Switching PWM Converter”,IEEE PESC, pp. 451-456.
[20] Iannello, C., Luo, S. and Batarseh, I., 2002,“Full Bridge ZCS PWM Converter for High-Voltage High-Power Applications”,IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 38, pp. 515-526.
[21] Da Silva, E. R. C., De Valois, Meneses, T. O., 1995, “Zero-Current-Switching PWM DC/DC Converters”,IEEE PESC, pp. 665-668.
[22] Canesin, C. A., Barbi, I., 1997,“Novel Zero-Current-Switching PWM Converters”, IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 44, pp.372-381.
[23] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, 1995,“Power Electronics Converter, Application, and Design”,John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[24] R. B. Ridely, 1990,“A New Continuous-Time Model for Current-Mode Control with Constant Frequency, Constant On-Time, and Constant Off-Time, in CCM and DCM”,IEEE PESC, pp. 382-389.
[25] V. Vorperian, 1990,“Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part I：Continuous Conduction Mode”,IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 30, pp. 490-496.
[26] V. Vorperian, 1990,“Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part II：Discontinuous Conduction Mode”,IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 30, pp. 497-505.
[27] H. Chunh, S. Y. R. Hui, and W. H. Wang, 1998,“An isolated ZVS/ZCS flyback converter using the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor”,IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol.45,No.4, pp. 679- 682.
[28] H. S. H. Chung, S. Y. R. Hui, and W. H. Wang, 1999,“A zero-current-switching PWM flyback converter with a simple auxiliary switch”,IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol.14, pp. 329-342.
[29] Texas Instruments, 2002,“Single Ended Active Clamp/Reset PWM Controller”, UCC-3580-1,-2,-3,-4 Data Sheet.
[30] K. M. Smith, and K. M. Smedley, 1996,“A comparison of voltage mode soft switching methods for PWM converters”,IEEE APEC, Vol.1, pp. 291-298.
[31] Jr. K. M. Smith, and K. M. Smedley, 1997,“A comparison of voltage mode soft switching methods for PWM converters”,IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol.12 2, pp. 376-386.
[32] Texas Instrument, 1994,“Switching Power Supply Topology Voltage Mode vs Current Mode, Design Note”,Unitrode integrated Circuits corporation.
[33] A.V. Anunciada, and M. M. Silva, 1989,“A new current mode control process and application”,IEEE PESC, Vol.2, pp. 683-694.
[34] A.V. Anunciada, and M. M. Silva, 1992,“On the stability and subharmonic susceptibility of current mode controlled converters”,IEEE PESC, Vol.1, pp. 345-353.
[35] Byungcho choi, 1997,“Step load response of a current-mode-controlled DC-to-DC converter”,IEEE Trans. On Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.33 4, pp. 1115- 1121.