臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在探討社區獨居老人身體、心理及社會功能之狀況及影響因素。採調查研究法，以高雄市列管之獨居老人名冊為對象，由研究者以結構式問卷，透過家庭訪視訪談100名獨居老人以收集資料，再以地區、性別及年齡配對方式訪談100名非獨居老人，其目的在於對照獨居老人之現況。問卷內容包括：個人屬性資料、簡短操作認知功能評估、自覺健康狀況量表、日常活動能力量表、憂鬱傾向量表及PRQ-85量表Part 2。問卷具有良好信度及效度之考驗。所得資料以百分比、平均數、標準差、卡方檢定、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及逐步複迴歸等進行統計分析。
研究結果發現：(1)獨居老人之自覺健康狀況為中等程度；日常活動能力之獨立性良好；自覺社會支持為中等程度；憂鬱傾向偏高，47%的獨居老人有憂鬱傾向。(2)獨居老人之高中以上教育程度者、目前有工作及自述慢性症狀數四種以下者有較好的自覺健康狀況；目前有工作、有社會參與、認知功能8分以上、年齡65-69歲及自述慢性症狀數四種以下者其日常活動能力的獨立性較高；女性、不識字及識字、第Ⅴ階級職業類別、第Ⅴ階社經地位、認知功能7分以下者及自述慢性症狀數五種以上者有較高的憂鬱傾向；高中以上教育程度、第Ⅰ及Ⅱ階級職業類別、第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ階社經地位、有社會參與、認知功能8分以上及自述慢性症狀數四種以下的老人其自覺社會支持的程度較高。(3)獨居老人自覺健康狀況的顯著預測因子為自述慢性症狀數、自覺社會支持及目前工作狀態，共解釋41.8%的總變異量。(4)獨居老人日常活動能力的顯著預測因子為自述慢性症狀數、年齡及社會參與狀態，共解釋33.1%的總變異量。(5)獨居老人憂鬱傾向之最顯著預測因子為自覺社會支持及自覺健康狀況，共解釋47.5%的總變異量。(6)獨居老人自覺社會支持的顯著預測因子為認知功能、教育程度及社會參與狀態，共解釋29.4%的總變異量。
本研究結果，可幫助了解社區獨居老人身、心及社會功能之現況，建立獨居老人健康相關資料庫，作為教學、研究及社區健康評估與計畫之依據，以及提供獨居老人社區照護之衛生政策擬定的參考。

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical, psychological, and social functions and their related factors of elderly living alone. A survey-interview with structured questionnaires was used for data collection. The elderly living alone were recruited from the Department of Social Affairs (DSA) at Kaohsiung city. Among 250 elders who were managed by the DSA, 100 agreed to participate in this study. In order to contrast the situations of the elderly living alone, 100 not living alone elders were recruited using a matching method by district, sex, and age. The questionnaires included the Demographic Inventory, Short-form Mental Status Questionnaire, Perceived Health Status Scale, Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Depression Tendency Scale, and PRQ-85 Part 2. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires are satisfactory. The collected data were analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t- test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Person''s product moment correlation, and multiple regression.
The following results were achieved: (1) The elderly living alone had a middle level of perceived health status and perceived social support, and a higher level of independence in ADL and depression tendency. Approximately 47% of them had depression tendency. (2) A higher level of perceived health status was significantly associated with high school educational level, current employment, and the number of chronic health problems less than four. A higher level of ADL was significantly associated with current employment, social participation, mental status scores greater than eight, ages from 65 to 69 years old, and the number of chronic health problems less than four. A higher level of depression tendency was significantly associated with female, class 5 occupational category, level 5 socioeconomic status, mental status scores less than seven, and the number of chronic health problems more than five. A higher level of perceived social support was significantly associated with high school educational level, class 1 and 2 occupational categories, higher levels of socioeconomic status, social participation, mental status scores greater than eight, and the number of chronic health problems less than four. (3) The number of chronic health problems, perceived social support and current employment significant predictors of perceived health status, and they explained 41.8% of the total variance. (4) The number of chronic health problems, age and social participation were significant predictors of the ADL, and they explained 33.1% of the total variance. (5) The perceived social support and perceived health status were significant predictors of depression tendency, and they explained 47.5% of the total variance. (6) Mental status, educational level and social participation were significant predictors of perceived social support, and they explained 29.4% of the total variance.
The results of this study provide information for understanding physical, psychological, and social functions of elderly living alone in communities. The data can be used to establish the database for teaching materials, investigation, guidelines for evaluation of the community health status of the elderly living alone. The findings can also provide the information for policy formulation of the elderly living alone.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………………….Ⅴ
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究動機及問題重要性……………………………….1
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………….4
第二章 文獻查證……………………………………………….5
第一節 獨居老人現況………………………………………….5
第二節 獨居老人相關研究結果……………………………….8
第三節 老人身體、心理及社會功能之狀態…………………12
第四節 社會支持與健康的關係………………………………16
第五節 憂鬱與社會支持的關係………………………………21
第三章 研究架構與假設………………………………………24
第一節 研究架構………………………………………………24
第二節 研究假設………………………………………………25
第三節 名詞界定………………………………………………26
第四章 研究方法………………………………………………28
第一節 研究對象……………………………………………….28
第二節 研究工具……………………………………………….31
第三節 研究工具信效度……………………………………….38
第四節 研究步驟……………………………………………….39
第五節 資料分析………………………………………………..40
第五章 研究結果………………………………………………..41
第一節 社區獨居老人之個人屬性、自覺健康狀況、日常
活動能力、憂鬱傾向及自覺社會支持………………..41
第二節 社區獨居老人個人屬性與自覺健康狀況、日常活
動能力、憂鬱傾向及自覺社會支持之關係…………..55
第三節 社區獨居老人自覺健康狀況、日常活動能力、憂
鬱傾向及自覺社會支持的預測因子…………………...71
第六章 討論……………………………………………………....76
第一節 社區獨居老人之個人屬性、身、心及社會功能………76
第二節 社區獨居老人之個人屬性與自覺健康狀況、日常
活動能力、憂鬱傾向及自覺社會支持的關係…………83
第三節 影響獨居老人之自覺健康狀況、日常活動能力、
憂鬱傾向及自覺社會支持的因素………………………89
第七章 結論與建議………………………………………………92
第一節 結論………………………………………………………92
第二節 建議………………………………………………………94
第三節 研究限制…………………………………………………97
參考資料……………………………………………………………..99
附錄一、研究說明書……………………………………………….110
附錄二、問卷調查表……………………………………………….111
附錄三、職業類別分類表………………………………………….119
附錄四、行政單位公文…………………………………………….120
附錄五、研究工具使用同意書…………………………………….122

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