臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用非點源污染模式NPSM（其前身為HSPF）模擬翡翠水庫集水區的魚溪流域，檢討其在使用上之資訊需求與參數的適用性。此外，國內非點源污染的模式的使用往往受限於實測資料不足，因此本研究欲以偵測濁度的光學方法，發展可即時監測懸浮固體濃度的儀器。以1997年資料校正參數，並以1998年資料驗證下，模式部分在河川日流量的預測上十分良好，應用於懸浮固體時，受限於監測資料不足，效果較差，總輸砂量與由實測值計算出來的推算值相差37%。可連續監測懸浮固體的儀器部分，對懸浮固體之偵測效果良好，適用濃度範圍可能為6.5~400 mg/L甚至更大，懸浮質特性雖有影響，仍有合理之準確度。同時消耗能量不多，有利於無人狀態使用獨立電源操作，使用彈性佳。

NPSM, a non-point source model, was used to simulate the Diyu chi basin located in Feitsui reservoir catchment and the requirement of information and suitability of parameters were investigated. Furthermore, continuous data on suspended solid loading is limited in Taiwan, therefore an optical device was developed to monitor the turbidity continuously and the information was used to estimate the concentration of suspended solid in the stream. By calibrating with data of 1997 and verifying with data of 1998, the prediction of the daily flow is good and that of the suspended load is reasonable. Capability of the new turbidity monitoring device which may be operated from 6.5 to 400 mg/L or better is verified and the device could be operated with independent power source for its low energy requirement.

第一章 前言1
1.1 研究緣起1
1.2 研究目的3
第二章 文獻回顧5
2.1 BASINS 中的非點源污染模式 NPSM5
2.1.1 BASINS概述5
2.1.2 NPSM模式6
2.2 光學方法推估懸浮固體濃度13
2.2.1 懸浮固體與濁度之關係13
2.2.2 光學方法測定濁度的基本原理13
2.2.3 濁度計設計準則14
2.2.4 光學裝置之配置15
第三章 研究方法17
3.1 NPSM 模式模擬與輸入資料17
3.2 NPSM 模式應用到的參數與校正方式20
3.2.1 PWATER模組20
3.2.2 SEDMNT模組29
3.2.3 SEDMNT模組校正數據取得方式33
3.3監測系統37
3.3.1 雜訊去除原理37
3.3.2 光源端38
3.3.3 訊號處理38
3.3.4 裝置實體39
3.4 訊號處理裝置41
3.4.1 光電二極體（Photodiode）41
3.4.2 理想電壓放大器41
3.4.3 操作放大器42
3.4.4 實際電路47
3.5 懸浮固體濃度實驗實測50
3.5.1 懸浮質製備50
3.5.2 實驗裝置及實驗步驟50
第四章 結果與討論53
4.1 NPSM模式模擬流量53
4.1.1 流量模擬結果53
4.1.2 誤差來源56
4.2 NPSM模式預測懸浮固體濃度61
4.2.1 模擬結果61
4.2.2 誤差來源65
4.3 監測裝置67
4.3.1 監測裝置之校正67
4.3.2 懸浮質濃度實測結果討論72
第五章 結論與建議73
參考文獻75
附錄 電路圖79

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