臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣各地經常出現各式露天燃燒行為，包含清除農廢 ( 稻草、玉米稈等 ) 及焚燒金紙等。 本研究以 chamber 燃燒實驗針對台灣常見農作廢棄物 ( 玉米稈 )、低海拔野生優勢植物 ( 芒草、竹子 )、金紙 ( 竹製金紙、紙製金紙 )，探討其排放粒子粒徑特徵、氣狀污染物 ( CO、CO2 ) 、及陰陽離子與脫水醣類化學成份分佈。
本研究各物種間 CO2 排放量差異不大；而CO 排放以玉米稈最高。 各物種煙塵粒子以細粒子排放為主，燃燒效率對細粒子排放濃度有明顯的影響。 三種脫水醣以 Levoglucosan 為主要排放產物種佔 90% 以上；Levo/Manno 特徵比值，顯示三種粒徑比值差異不大，但物種間比值有明顯差異性。 此外，本研究金紙類 Levo/PM2.5 平均比值高達 31.4 %，明顯高於植物類物種，藉此比值將可有效推估民俗活動週邊 PM2.5 粒子貢獻量。 離子分佈方面，玉米、芒草、竹葉等植物，煙塵粒子以 K+、Cl-、SO42- 為主要排放離子；金紙類煙塵離子分佈可能與原料組成及加工製程有關。 本研究結果顯示玉米因玉米稈廢棄物數量龐大，其CO2 與 CO 排放量值得關切 ( 世界玉米稈高達15億噸，是稻麥總和 1.5 倍，其 CO2 與 CO 排放量驚人 )。金紙材質對污染物排放量也有顯著影響，竹製金紙PM污染物排放最少可能更符合環保需求。 本研究探討台灣常見燃燒物種排放特徵將有助於建立相關生質燃燒排放資料供給相關大氣及環境學者研究之用。

Various biomass open burnings included clearing agricultural wastes and burning joss papers commonly appeared in Taiwan. A controlled burning chamber was utilized to examine burning aerosol derived from corn stoves, miscanthus, bamboo, and two kinds of joss paper (waste paper, bamboo material). Characteristics of particle sizes, gaseous pollutants (CO, CO2), water-soluble ions, and anhydrosugars constituents have been investigated.
The results have shown that differences of CO2 emission from various biomass species were limited; and the emission of CO from corn stover presented a highest value in species. The particle-size emission from all species of burning mainly distributed in PM2.5 particle, meantime, the emission concentration in fine particle obviously was influenced by the combustion efficiency of biomass burning. Levoglucosan is a major constituent of three anhydrosugars (above 90%) in the study. The ratios of Levo/Manno in three particle sizes displayed no significantly difference, but the variation of ratios was apparently in among of biomass species. Furthermore, joss paper showed a high value of Levo/PM2.5 (31.4%) rather than common plant burnings did. The emissions of major ions from plant burnings (such as corn stover, miscanthus, and bamboo) were K+, Cl -, and SO42-. The distribution of ions was highly related with the composition of materials and the process of manufacturing. The results shown a high amount of emissions (PM2.5, CO2 and CO) derived from corn stover, and which is preciously concerned. PM of Joss paper made by bamboo emitted a less emissions comparing to that of paper made by waste paper. This investigation regarding characteristics of various biomass emissions is helpful to reveal some useful information to atmospheric researches.

目錄
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌 謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 4
2.1 生質燃燒介紹 4
2.1.1 生質燃燒概述 4
2.1.2 生質燃燒來源 5
2.2 生質燃燒排放物質特性與組成 6
2.2.1 懸浮微粒特性及組成 6
2.3 脫水醣類來源與應用 10
2.3.1 脫水醣類生成機制 10
2.3.2 脫水醣類分析方法 11
2.3.3 脫水醣類應用 15
三、研究方法 21
3.1 實驗方式 21
3.1.1 實驗物種選擇 21
3.1.2 燃燒物質前處理 23
3.2 實驗儀器與採樣設備 24
3.3 樣本製備與前處理 25
3.3.1 採樣前後濾紙處理 25
3.3.2 化學分析樣本前處理 25
3.4 燃燒實驗方法 27
3.5 化學分析方法 29
3.6 數據處理 31
3.7 分析方法品保/品管 ( QA / QC ) 34
四、結果與討論 45
4.1 實驗探討 45
4.2 Chamber 燃燒排放組成濃度 46
4.3 氣狀污染物排放特徵 47
4.4 粒子質量濃度分佈特徵 49
4.5 脫水醣類排放特徵 51
4.6 水溶性陰陽離子排放特徵 54
4.7 台灣露天生質燃燒年排放量推估 55
五、結論與建議 74
參考文獻 77
Appendix 88

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