臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之主要目的是以創新擴散理論之階段模式探討ERP系統建置過程中的重要影響因素。ERP系統是企業過去十年來最大的IT投資之一，建置ERP系統可以有效地整合企業內各項資源並提升作業效率。但由於導入ERP系統常涉及企業的變革活動，而企業在面臨變革時常會因為建置過程中的問題而畏懼或放棄，因此，探討ERP系統建置過程中的重要影響因素，並藉以提高ERP建置成功的機率，便成為重要的研究課題。
過去有關ERP建置的研究多從單一或少數構面（如組織文化、專案管理）或僅僅強調建置過程的單一或部份階段（如採用或適應階段）來探討關鍵成功因素，但兩者恐皆有以偏蓋全之虞，因為成功的ERP建置專案應考慮各階段及各方面的重要影響因素，方能確保系統建置的成功，故本研究以Kwon and Zmun等學者由創新擴散理論所演繹出的資訊系統建置六階段模型為基礎，輔以全面性的角度探討影響ERP建置的關鍵因素，歸納出不同影響因素在各階段的重要程度。
本研究共蒐集國內81家公司建置ERP系統的相關資料，研究結果發現，國內廠商在建置ERP系統時，在ERP系統各建置階段的重要影響因素確有不同的影響程度：處於第一階段的公司應特別注意之重要影響因素包含「選擇ERP團隊的成員及供應商」等因素；處於第二階段的公司應特別注意且影響較大之因素包含「作業流程改善」等因素；處於第三階段的公司之重要影響因素包含「改善員工對建置ERP系統的抗拒」等因素；處於第四階段的公司應特別注意之因素「有效支援管理作業的ERP系統」等因素；處於第五階段的公司應特別注意之因素「作業流程改善」等因素；處於第六階段的公司亦應特別注意之因素包含「作業流程改善」等因素。
此外，比較各因素於各階段間之差異顯著性，結果發現：「資源管理的改善」在第五與第四階段、第四與第二階段及第一與第二階段間有顯著之差異；「作業流程的管理」在第五與第三階段及第五與第四階段間有顯著之差異；「因應外部環境壓力」在第二與第四階段、第二與第六階段間及第五與第四階段、第五與第六階段間有顯著之差異；「改善員工對建置ERP系統的抗拒」在第二與第五階段、第三與第五階段、第四與第五階段間及第六與第四階段、第六與第三階段有顯著之差異。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the major factors of each stage during the implementation process of ERP ,and using stage model proposed from Diffusion of Innovation theory as this study’s framework. ERP is one of the largest IT investment of firms last decade. It could integrated all the resources effectively and improve organization processes. Implementation of ERP is usually involved change activities that might causing some problems and leading firms very careful or give up the ERP project. For these reasons, to study the major factors of each stage during the implementation process of ERP ,and improve the opportunity of ERP success become a very important research issue.
The relative studies of critical factors of ERP implementations in the past were generally from single or some views(such as organizational culture or project management ) or from single or some stages of implementation only (such as adoption or adaptation stage). Because ERP project must consider every factors and stages to ensure its success, both of them will not explain how the project success completely. This study is base on Kwon and Zmun’s IT/IS implementation stage model proposed form Diffusion of Innovation theory and from all views to investigate the major factors of each stage during the implementation process of ERP.
The relative ERP implementation data of 81 companies in Taiwan were collected for analysis. The result shows that the major factors of each stage have different influence. For the companies on the first stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「choice the ERP project team members and vendor 」and so forth. For the companies on the second stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「process improvement 」and so forth .For the companies on the third stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「improvement users resistance of ERP implementation」and so forth .For the companies on the fourth stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「the system that can support management activities」and so forth .For the companies on the fifth stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「process improvement」and so forth .For the companies on the sixth stage, the major factors they must pay more consideration include「process improvement」and so forth.
Furthermore, after analysis the factors difference between all the stages ,the result shows some factors have significant difference in some stages:「improve resource management」has significant difference between the fifth and fourth stage、the fourth and second stage、the first and second stage; 「process management」has significant difference between the fifth and third stage、the fifth and fourth stage; 「response to external environment pressure」has significant difference between the second and fourth stage、the second and sixth stage 、fifth and fourth stage、the fifth and sixth stage; 「improvement users resistance of ERP implementation」has significant difference between the second and fifth stage、the third and fifth stage 、fourth and fifth stage、the sixth and fourth stage、the sixth and third stage.

以創新擴散理論之階段模式探討ERP 系統建置重要影響因素
目錄
摘要................................................................................................................................ i
誌謝................................................................................................................................ iv
壹、緒論...........................................................................................................................1
一、研究背景.......................................................................................................... 1
二、研究動機.......................................................................................................... 4
三、研究目的與範圍.............................................................................................. 6
四、論文結構.......................................................................................................... 7
貳、理論背景...................................................................................................................8
一、創新擴散理論.................................................................................................. 8
（一）創新擴散理論簡介.............................................................................. 8
（二）創新擴散理論的研究現況與應用範圍............................................ 13
（三）創新擴散的IT 建置六階段模型...................................................... 14
（四）創新擴散六階段模型應用於IT/IS 等相關研究.............................. 18
二、ERP 系統建置................................................................................................ 23
（一）ERP 定義、簡介及功能架構............................................................ 23
（二）ERP 的重要性及目前建置情形........................................................ 28
（三）ERP 的研究範圍分類、研究方向及過去對ERP 建置的相關研究33
參、研究模式.................................................................................................................48
肆、研究方法.................................................................................................................52
一、研究對象........................................................................................................ 52
（一）樣本選擇............................................................................................ 52
（二）樣本分類............................................................................................ 54
二、問卷設計........................................................................................................ 54
三、研究程序........................................................................................................ 56
四、資料蒐集........................................................................................................ 56
伍、資料分析與研究發現.............................................................................................57
一、項目分析、因素分析及問卷信度與效度.................................................... 57
（一）項目分析............................................................................................ 57
（二）效度分析............................................................................................ 57
（三）信度分析............................................................................................ 63
二、資料分析結果................................................................................................ 65
（一）各類重要影響因素的觀點................................................................ 65
（二）ERP 建置階段的觀點....................................................................... 77
（三）各影響因子差異顯著性分析............................................................ 83
陸、研究結論與建議.....................................................................................................85
一、研究結論........................................................................................................ 85
(一)以七大主要類別而言............................................................................. 85
(二)以各類別之影響因子而言..................................................................... 87
二、研究貢獻........................................................................................................ 90
(一)學術上的貢獻......................................................................................... 90
(二)對實務的貢獻......................................................................................... 91
vi
三、研究限制........................................................................................................ 92
四、後續研究方向................................................................................................ 92
（一）再深入探討促進因素（facilitator）及抑制因素（inhibitor）....... 92
（二）再進一步探討產業別、建置方式等差異對系統建置的影響........ 93
參考文獻.........................................................................................................................94
中文部分................................................................................................................ 94
英文部分................................................................................................................ 94
附錄一、本研究問卷.....................................................................................................99
附錄二、問卷項目分析結果.......................................................................................109

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