臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

網路多媒體技術的進步加上電視全面數位化的趨勢，對於網路多媒體應用的穩定服務品質之需求增加，其中網路電視(IPTV)與點對點網路(Peer to Peer, P2P)傳輸技術為兩個重要的關鍵技術。網路多媒體從以語音通訊為主的應用，進步到影音傳輸為主的範疇，到目前高畫質(High Definition)影音視訊已經是3C產品的基本需求。IPTV技術由國際網路電視聯盟OIPF(Open IPTV Forum)致力推動標準化，可預見此技術將是未來網路多媒體的關鍵技術。本論文由多媒體網路傳輸與實際應用為出發點，在標準IPTV架構下提出可適性影像傳輸頻寬控制(Scalable Video Rate Control, SVRC)，並配合網路流量監控(Network Traffic Monitor, NTM)機制，實作改良式網路電視系統。主要是改進當IPTV網路頻寬不足時，能即時調整視訊碼流大小以改進視訊停格的缺點，讓終端使用者能有良好的收視品質，尤其是播放具有時效性的媒體，例如實況轉播運動節目，或是重要的即時訊息等。本論文所開發的系統使用開放軟體(Open Source)來實作，以驗證所提出方法之可行性，希望藉由實際系統開發，可實際應用於相關系統中。實驗結果顯示，本論文提出之 SVRC並搭配NTM模組確實可以減少傳輸之延遲並提升P2P-IPTV傳輸之穩定度。

With the advance of multimedia technologies and Internet prevalence, multimedia has become one of major information communication tools. To provide network multimedia services, both Internet Protocal TV (IPTV) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network control are the most important technologies. The Internet multimedia has evolved from voice communications to high definition (HD) video communications. The Open IPTV Forum, OIPF, is aiming to propose the IPTV system standard, which proclaims the potential of IPTV-related technologies. In this thesis, we proposed to adjust and refine the IPTV system, which comprises media codec systems, streaming control and H.264 encoder and rate control units, to satisfy the application requirement of Internet multimedia. The Content Delivery Network (CDN) and P2P networks are integrated to provide the P2P-IPTV service. For live video streaming, we proposed to utilize both scalable video rate control (SVRC) and network traffic monitor (NTM) for better services, in which the latter helps to provide feedback control that takes peer bandwidth capacity, network connection information, and delay parameters, to dynamically adjust the bit-rate of the video encoder. The bandwith estimation method is developed to solve the bottleneck of insufficient bandwidth in a sharing network environment. To improve the reliability of video transmission quality, the SVRC module and NTM method are designed to operate under the best bandwith utilization of IPTV system. Compared to previous researches, our experiments show that the proposed bandwith estimation as a feedback control for IPTV control can effectively reduce the transmission delay, and improve the stability of transmitted video quality.

整合頻寬估測及可調式視訊編碼之改良式IPTV系統 I
指導教授：陳建中 博士 I
研究生：李建泰 I
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景與動機 2
1.3 研究項目與方法概述 2
1.3.1 修改與移植自由軟體並且整合實作P2P網路傳輸環境 3
1.3.2 於媒體傳送伺服器內增加可適性影像傳輸頻寬控制模組 4
1.3.3 於終端播放器中提出網路流量監控模組 5
1.3.4 軟體模組整合與行程間通訊 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章 背景知識與相關研究探討 7
2.1 媒體串流之編碼壓縮相關知識 7
2.1.1 H.264/AVC 7
2.1.2 H.264/SCV 10
2.1.3 H.264 壓縮率控制與量化參數 12
2.2 串流媒體包裝與即時播放之相關知識 18
2.2.1 MPEG2-TS streaming format 18
2.2.2 Audio to Video Synchronization 19
2.3 點對點媒體網路傳輸之相關知識 21
2.3.1 點對點即時多媒體串流 (P2P Live Streaming) 21
2.3.2 P2P IPTV市場現況 22
第三章 本論文之系統架構 23
3.1 IPTV整體系統架構 23
3.1.1 中央管理中心(Central Management) 24
3.1.2 即時串流伺服器(Live Streaming Server) 25
3.1.3 應用層群播服務(Application Layer Multicast Service) 25
3.1.4 使用者終端(User Terminal) 25
3.2 點對點傳輸與接收架構 26
3.2.1 動態壓縮串流 27
3.2.2 資訊蒐集 27
3.2.3 本論文提出之演算法處理 27
3.2.4 切換壓縮參數 27
3.3 媒體串流伺服器端架構 28
3.3.1 多媒體來源(Ｍedia Source) 28
3.3.2 H.264/AVC編碼器(Encoder) 29
3.3.3 影像空間轉換器(Spatial Scale) 29
3.3.4 指令解析(Command Parser) 30
3.3.5 串流伺服器(Streaming Server) 32
3.4 媒體播放器架構 32
3.4.1 媒體內容(Media Content) 33
3.4.2 影像解析度調整(Media Rescale) 33
3.4.3 網路分級與評估控制 34
3.4.4 顯示播放(Display) 35
第四章 本論文之實做細節 35
4.1 開發環境與函式庫介紹 35
4.1.1 函式庫libvlc 36
4.1.2 函式庫libx264 36
4.1.3 函式庫libav 37
4.1.4 函式庫libSDL 38
4.2 即時多媒體串流伺服器(Live Streaming Server)之軟體整合 38
4.2.1 空間轉換模組(Spatial Scale) 39
4.2.2 H.264編碼器壓縮率控制區塊修改 42
4.2.3 指令解析與量化 43
4.2.4 透過網路伺服器共用閘道介面(CGI)接收指令 48
4.3 使用者終端(User Terminal)之軟體整合 48
4.3.1 多媒體播放器之實做 49
4.3.2 解析度偵測與轉換 50
4.3.3 播放端資料蒐集與評估 50
4.3.4 資訊回饋與切換 52
4.3.5 PSNR計算模組 53
4.4 改進與總結 54
第五章 實驗結果與系統展示 55
5.1 實驗環境 55
5.1.1 實驗工具與環境 55
5.1.2 實驗組與對照組 59
5.1.3 實驗步驟 60
5.2 實驗結果 60
5.2.1 區域網路(LAN)於不同頻寬的效能 61
5.2.2 無線網路(WIFI)於不同頻寬的效能 67
5.2.3 結論 73
5.3 系統展示 75
5.3.1 於校園網路實際測試 75
5.3.2 SVRC模組頻寬切換 77
第六章 總結與未來展望 79
6.1 總結 79
6.2 未來展望 80
參考文獻 81

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