臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今企業或組織面對外部的激烈競爭，必須不斷地創新與研發新的産品、技術及製程，而使用專案的形式來進行是最常見的方式，專案強調的是如何在有限的時間及資源下，快速因應營運環境的變化、產生市場所需要的產品、縮短產品進入市場的時間及避免成本的浪費。

專案管理是被企業組織廣泛使用的管理工具，其主要目的在於藉由專案管理的手法，整合組織內外部資源，平衡關係人的利益，在特定的期間內，達成特定的需求。專案管理本身只是工具，組織是使用管理工具的主體，組織的特性及對於專案的互動與專案的成敗息息相關。

專案績效的關鍵因素就是影響專案成敗或專案績效重要的能力或是條件，而這些影響專案績效的因素是多個面向的，其中可能來自於專案本身的內在因素以及專案所處組織環境的外在因素，必須根據組織運作的實際狀況找出那些是目前企業所重視的，然後才能針對這些重要的關鍵因素加以管理、控制、維護，並與組織既有的優勢與資源相互整合，最終才能確保專案的成功。

過去有關專案績效因素的研究大多偏向於各專案成功要素對於專案影響的探討、績效指標的尋找或權重的設定等，無法全面地反映出專案的實際績效。本研究提出一個新的專案績效評估方法，應用一般系統理論(General System Theories)的特質，及決策實驗室法(Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)來完整考量及發現影響專案績效之關鍵評量指標，並找出各指標間之權重與關聯，以提供一個解釋、評估、設計和預測專案績效的完整架構。

本研究發現充分的溝通、長期穩定的人事制度、清楚的界定職權歸屬、明確的專案目標以及快速且熟練的問題解決能力可提高專案之績效。瞭解這些內外在因素彼此關聯程度及對於專案績效的影響程度，將有助於組織檢視既有專案管理制度的優缺點，協助管理者擬定良好專案管理策略，有效達成企業的營運目標。

With the tremendous competition nowadays, it is obvious that enterprises and organizations are required to innovate and develop new products, techniques and procedures. Therefore, most enterprises tend to conduct project-oriented projects as to cope with the changes. The emphasis for project management is how to rapidly respond to the changes of environment, produce required products, shorten the time into the market and avoid improper cost waste under limited time and resources.

Project management is commonly utilized among enterprises. The main purpose is to integrate internal and external resources of organization, keep the balance of related individuals, and meet the particular requirement within certain period of time. Project management itself is just a tool. The organization is actually the main part to manage the tool. The features of organization and interaction with the project are closely bound up to the success of project.

There are certain critical factors for an efficient project. They are multi-dimensional due to the fact that they might be internal factors from the project itself, or external factors from the environment. The enterprises must identify what they regard as important based upon actual operation, and then manage, control, maintain and integrate those critical factors with advantages and resources of organization. It can therefore assure the success of a project.

Most researches on project management tend to examine the impact of successful elements on projects, looking for performance indicators or setting of weighting, which, unfortunately, cannot entirely reveal the performance of a project. This study poses a new project performance evaluation, applying General System Theories and DEMATEL, to find the key evaluation indicators as well as provide weighting and correlation among indicators. Hopefully it offers a complete schema to explain, evaluate, design and predict project performance.

This study discovers that sufficient communication, long-term and steady personnel system, clear division of authority and power, explicit project objectives as well as rapid and proficient problem-solving skills lead to enhancement of project performance. If the organization can better realize the relations of internal and external factors and the influence to project performance, it will help for the organization to examine the advantages and disadvantages of conducted project management. At the same time, it will also help the manager to establish better strategies for project management, and to reach the objectives of organization.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
1. 緒論 1
1.1. 研究動機 1
1.2. 研究目的 2
1.3. 研究流程 3
2. 文獻探討 6
2.1. 專案的定義與特性 6
2.1.1. 專案的定義 6
2.1.2. 專案的特性 7
2.2. 專案管理的探討 9
2.2.1. 專案管理的定義 9
2.2.2. 專案管理流程 10
2.2.3. 專案管理的構面 11
2.3. 專案績效評估指標的探討 12
2.4. 組織因素對於專案影響的探討 13
2.4.1. 專案的特性因素 13
2.4.2. 專案經理的定位與能力 14
2.4.3. 專案決策授權對專案的影響 15
2.4.4. 專案利害關係人對專案的影響 16
2.5. 專案績效影響因素的探討 17
2.6. 系統理論 20
2.6.1. 系統的定義 21
2.6.2. 一般系統理論的歷史背景 22
2.6.3. 一般系統理論之立論基礎 23
2.6.4. 各學者對系統特性之研究 26
2.6.5. 系統八大特性在管理上的涵義 28
2.6.6. 系統理論與專案績效影響因素的關係 31
2.7. 決策實驗室分析法 33
3. 研究架構及方法 37
3.1. 研究架構 37
3.2. 研究方法 38
3.3. 問卷設計及填寫 38
3.4. 個案訪談對象的限制 39
4. 實證分析 41
4.1. 實證過程 41
4.2. 專家背景及意見調查 41
4.3. 專家訪談意見彙整 43
4.4. DEMATEL統計與分析 44
4.5. 實證結果與發現 47
5. 結論與建議 49
5.1. 結論 49
5.2. 研究建議 50
5.3. 研究限制與未來發展 51
參考文獻 52
附錄一 問卷內容 60
附錄二 個案問卷結果 65

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