臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於需求的不確定性且產能的大小無法迅速的擴充，在供應鏈中的供應商勢必可能會有產能不足以應付多位零售商需求的情況發生，或許有些時候可以透過加班或是外包來化解此類問題，但並非所有的情況都可以由加班或外包來解決，因此供應商如何將有限的產能分配給多位的零售商，並在考慮自身利益同時，提出一個整體供應鏈中零售商都能夠接受的協調分配機制是一個重要的問題。本研究考慮一供應鏈中包含單一商品、單一供應商與多位零售商，零售商依照與供應商的合作關係，分為特定零售商與一般零售商兩類，其主要討論當整體零售商的需求超過供應商的產能時，供應商該如何分配產能給多位的零售商。本研究提出基於供應商與零售商間訂定一訂購下限的合約內容，以及數量折扣與競價策略的協調方式，去協調供應商與零售商間的產能分配問題，透過分析討論數量折扣與競價策略如何提升供應商與零售商雙方的利潤，並與沒有協調機制的供應鏈做一比較，突顯在協調機制下供應商與零售商的利益，以維持供需雙方長期合作的夥伴關係。

從研究中發現利用數量折扣和競價策略的協調方式，可以使得整體零售商有更佳的利潤表現，同時供應商與零售商的利潤也能有更多的獲得，可見利用數量折扣的方式引誘零售商增加訂購量以及%透過競價策略使得缺貨成本較高的零售商可以獲取額外產能，對於供應商、零售商以及整體供應鏈的利潤是有助益的。從成本分析研究中，可以發現利潤的成長在供應商方面是由於零售商訂購數量的增加，降低了產能閒置的成本，並進一步的增加了銷售收益促使利潤的提升。在零售商方面因為訂購成本的降低，且因為競價策略的機制，零售商間可以較公平的爭取產能，降低了缺貨的風險及成本，而使得協調後的利潤增加。

This paper develops a model for illustrating how to use quantity discount policy and compete price to achieve supply chain coordination. We study a distribution channel where a supplier distributes a single product to retailers, who in turn sell the product to consumers. Retailers separate into special and usual retailer based on cooperation relation with supplier. We focus on how to allocation capacity to retailers under capacity surplus or insufficient. Base on contract, supplier conclude lower bound of order quantities with retailers. We have shown that supplier and retailers' profit will increase via quantity discount policy and make sure retailers have fair deals under capacity insufficient via compete price. The paper also considers a scenario where the supply chain with no coordination and provides numerical examples that illustrate the value of coordination. The results of the numerical application shows that the supplier should focus on selling price to increase the profit and retailers should emphasize on procument cost to reduce the cost.

致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract . iv
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 3
第四節 研究流程 3
第五節 論文架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 供應鏈管理(Supply chain management) 6
一、 供應鏈的定義 6
二、 供應鏈的管理意涵 7
第二節 供應鏈協調 (Supply chain coordination) 9
一、 協調的目的與資訊的影響 9
二、 協調的類型與方式 12
第三節 供應鏈合約與產能分配(Supply chain contract and capacity allocation) 14
第三章 供應鏈產能分配協調模式 18
第一節 問題描述 18
第二節 研究架構 20
第三節 模式建構 24
一、 無協調機制下供應商與零售商之利潤 24
二、 協調機制下供應商與零售商之利潤 31
三、 協調前後比較 43
第四章 應用分析 48
第一節 實例說明與結果分析 48
一、產能閒置 48
(一)實例說明與參數設定 48
(二)結果分析 49
二、產能不足 50
(一)實例說明與參數設定 50
(二)結果分析 51
第二節 敏感度分析 52
一、 供應商相關成本分析 52
二、 零售商相關成本分析 53
第五章 結論與建議 57
第一節 研究成果 57
第二節 研究限制 57
第三節 未來發展 58
參考文獻 60
附錄 63

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