臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

前言：
視覺功能在高＋Gz力下之變化已經被廣泛的研究，但是高＋Gz力暴露（+Gz exposure）後的相關視覺研究卻不盡詳盡。本實驗即在探討視覺生理參數，如視力(visual acuity)、眼內壓(intraocular pressure)及屈光度(refraction)在高＋Gz力前後的變化。
材料與方法：
此實驗共有十九個受測者，分成兩組。十三個為實驗組（＋Gz暴露），六個為對照組。其中實驗組是以離心機測試來達到高＋Gz暴露的目的。受測者在高＋Gz暴露前三十分，暴露後兩分、十分及二十分，分別接受視力、眼內壓及屈光度檢測並記錄之。受測者的G耐力至少需達6G以上。
結果：
兩位受測者因G耐力小於6G而不予採用。兩組的屈光度在暴露前後並無明顯變化(暴露前及暴露後2、10、20分之球面像差分別為-5.6±2.2D、-5.4±2.1D、-5.5±2.3D、-5.4±2.2D；柱狀像差及對照組的數值亦無變化)；最佳矯正視力(Best Spectacle-corrected Visual Acuities, BSCVA)以Log MAR來表示，在高＋GZ暴露後的三個時間點較暴露前有顯著改善(p＜0.05；對照組則無變化)；而眼內壓在暴露後較暴露前明顯降低(暴露前及暴露後2分之眼內壓分別為14.6 ± 2.3 mm Hg及11.9 ±2.0 mm Hg，p < 0.05；10、20分之data與2分鐘相符，對照組則無變化)。
結論：
眼內壓明顯降低可能導因於高＋Gz暴露，而這亦可能是造成視力改善的原因之一。

Introduction. The effect of sustained high-G exposure on ocular hemodynamics and visual function is not clear. Visual biological parameters could vary after high-G exposure.
Material & Methods. Nineteen subjects were divided into two groups: a centrifuge group (high-G exposure, n=13) and a control group (n=6). Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity and manifest refraction were measured 30 minutes before centrifugation, 2 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes after centrifugation, respectively.
Results. Two subjects were excluded from the experiment because of G tolerance less then 6G. There was no statistical difference in refractive errors in both groups. Most subjects in centrifuge group improved their best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after high-G exposure. Also high-G exposure made a significant effect on intraocular pressure.
Conclusion. IOP reduced after high-G exposure, it might be related to the improvement of visual function.

目錄.............................................................I
表次............................................................III
圖次............................................................ IV
中文摘要........................................................一
英文摘要........................................................三
第一章 緒論....................................................1
第一節 研究背景.............................................1
第二節 我國飛行員面臨之視覺問題.......................8
第三節 視覺生理參數......... .. .........................13
第四節 研究動機...........................................19
第五節 研究目的...........................................21
第二章 材料與方法............................................22
第一節 研究對象..........................................22
第二節 研究儀器.........................................24
第三節 研究模式及方法..................................26
第四節 眼科學檢查.......................................28
第五節 人體離心機試驗..................................31
第六節 資料分析..........................................34
第三章 研究結果...............................................35
第一節 高+GZ暴露對屈光度的影響....................36
第二節 高+GZ暴露對視力的影響......................38
第三節 高+GZ暴露對眼內壓的影響....................40
第四節 高+GZ暴露對屈光度的影響....................42
第四章 實驗討論...............................................43
第一節 高+GZ暴露對眼內壓的影響....................43
第二節 高+GZ暴露對視力的影響......................45
第三節 視力以Log MAR表示之討論.................48
第五章 結論...................................................50
參考文獻.......................................................51
表　　次
表3.1 Subject Information...................................58
表3.2 Effect of High-G Exposure on Refraction............58
表3.3 Effect of High-G Exposure on Refraction............59
表3.4 Change in BSCVA after High-G Exposure...........60
表3.5 The Change Rate of VSCVA after High-G Exposure
…..………….…………..………………………….….61
表4.1 視力的不同表示法.....................................61
圖　　次
圖1.1 視覺傳遞路徑 — 光學部分............................62圖1.2 視覺傳遞路徑 — 中樞神經系統部分.................62
圖2.1 法國LATECOERE 101人體離心機(Human Centrifuge) ……………………………………………………… 63
圖2.2 投射式視力表...........................................64
圖2.3 Snellen E視力表........................................64
圖2.4 驗光機...................................................64
圖2.5 角膜地形圖儀…………………………………………64
圖2.6 非接觸式眼壓計………………………………………65
圖2.7裂隙燈…………………………………………………..65
圖2.8 直接眼底鏡……………………………………………65
圖2.9 實驗模式 ……………………………………………66
圖2.10 Snellen E視力表 …………………………………67
圖2.11 角膜地形圖 ………………………………………67
圖2.12 抗G衣 ………………………………………………68
圖2.13 漸增型G耐力訓練（gradual onset run）……………69
圖2.14 遽增型G耐力訓練（rapid onset run）………………………………………………70
圖2.15 遽增型G耐力訓練（rapid onset run）……………71
圖3.1 球面屈光度（spherical equivalent）在高+GZ環境暴露前後的改變 ……………………………………….72
圖3.2 柱狀屈光度（cylindrical equivalent）在高+GZ環境 暴露前後的改變 .…………………………………….73
圖3.3 視力（Log MAR）在高+GZ環境暴露前後的改變..74
圖3.4 眼內壓在高+GZ環境暴露前後的改變 ……………75
圖3.5 中心角膜厚度在高+GZ環境暴露前後的改變 ……76
圖3.6 角膜最薄部分在高+GZ環境暴露前後的改變 …….77
圖5.1 LogMAR 視力表………………………………………78

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