臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在人文學科的領域中，猶太哲學家神學家馬丁布伯一直是個廣受歡迎的角色。他的影響廣泛，遍及數個人文領域，包括哲學、神學、教育、以及精神治療。然而，當代學界對於他在文學研究領域的重要性認知尚有不足。為了填補這個缺口，筆者將在本論文中嘗試從一個新的角度來重讀他的主要哲學著作《我與你》。筆者將從符號學的角度來切入這個文本，並主張布伯的我你對話哲學是一個符號結構。這也就是說布伯的我你對話哲學能夠產出倫理及美學效果。這個倫理及美學效果的產出功能將有助於我們建構一個具有倫理及美學共識的社群。
導論篇章將從他者的倫理關係這個角度來討論我你對話哲學的重要性。筆者將主張，在這個對話哲學建構中已經隱含有當代語言學家索緒爾結構語言學結構性差異的洞見。這個結構語言學的洞見將是後面各個篇章分析討論的切入角度。
首章分析我你對話哲學的符號結構，同時嘗試將我你對話模式翻譯成後現代的符號結構。筆者將主張在此對話模式中的「真實感」並非為實體，而是號號組態後產生的效果。這同時証明了我你對話中的「我」與「你」皆非實體，而是修詞技巧所產生的效果。
次章分析我你對話的倫理基底。筆者將借用法國倫理學家例維納斯及法國哲學家德希達所形塑的「自我─他者」的倫理關係來探討布伯的哲學的倫理基底。筆者將主張，比起笛卡爾的主體哲學亦或是例維納斯的他者倫理學，布伯的我你對話哲學在人我分際上同時考慮了人我雙方的重要性，因此有更為先進的洞見。
三章旨在整合以上兩章的洞見，並藉此從當代典範重新建構一個完整的布伯式的對話模式。筆者將主張例維納斯及德希達的解構策略雖然能夠清楚地分析文本，卻不足以整合人我歧見，因此無力建構一個具有共識的社群。筆者將主張在文本經歷破壞性的解構過程後仍有賴布伯的對話模式來重新整合歧見，進而建立一個具有共識的社群。
結論一章旨在釐清布伯的我你對話模式實為一雙元結構，此一雙元結構可超越當代批評論述所盛行的個人主義及集體主義，進而在個人及集體主義的二分法中走出第三條路，由此建構出一個具有共識卻不具壓迫性的彈性社群。

The Jewish philosopher and theologian Martin Buber has been a popular figure in the field of humanities for decades. His influence covers a wide range, spanning philosophy, theology, education, and even psychotherapy. His significance in the circle of literary studies, however, has not been fully recognized. To fill this gap, I propose a re-reading of Martin Buber’s major work I and Thou in this thesis. I will read it from a semiotic point of view and argue that the Buberian construct of I-Thou dialogue is basically a semiotic structure which has the rhetorical value of producing positive aesthetic and ethical impacts. This means that the construct can function as a very effective interpretive apparatus to cultivate an aesthetic and ethical community.
In the “Introduction” I will give a brief survey of contemporary critical opinions on the Buberian construct of I-Thou dialogue from the perspective of the ethical relation with the Other. I will show that in the Buberian construct there is a pioneering insight into the Saussrean idea of the split of structural difference. This Buberian insight into the split of structural difference will then serve as the starting point for my discussions in the following chapters.
In Chapter One, I will follow Gabriel Marcel’s insight into the linguistic nature of the Buberian construct and try to translate the Buberian construct of I-Thou dialogue into the postmodern paradigm. I will analyze the semiotic structure of the Buberian construct of I-Thou dialogue, focusing on the heightened moment of I-Thou presence, the Romantic rhetorical techniques employed to create this presence, and the conditions required for this phenomenon. I will argue that existential effects of “being real” is a product of Buber’s rhetorical practice of Romanticism. This means that the I and the Thou in the construct are not real persons, but two mobile tropes mediating between man and man in the signification network. The central functioning device in this dialogic construct, it will be pointed out, is the principle of resemblance, that which triggers the process of formalization and imagination between the I and the Thou.
In Chapter Two, I will use Levinas and Derrida’s idea of Self-Other relation to examine the assumed ethical basis of the dialogic structure. I will argue that the Buberian construct of I-Thou dialogue has taken a step further than either the Cartesian Subject-Object formulation or the Levinasian Self-Other relation. The Buberian dialogic construct, I will demonstrate, has taken the Self and the Other into consideration in the I-Thou dialogic structure, and consequently can work better than the popular Levinasian version of the Self-Other relation in the aspect of cultivating a community for ethical judgments.
In Chapter Three, I will integrate the aesthetic and ethical insights of the previous chapters to present a complete interpretive program of the Buberian I-Thou dialogue. I will demonstrate that the fragmenting analysis as exemplified by the deconstructive approach to texts can perform but a preliminary operation. After this preliminary operation, a constructive apparatus such as the Buberian construct has to be adopted to set up the shared values between the Self and the Other.
In the “Conclusion” I will argue that the Buberian construct, after being reformulated as two mobile tropes, can move beyond the dichotomy of critical collectivism and individualism. Neither resorting to the collective institution nor escaping into the private feeling, the dualistic system of Buberian construct focuses on the interaction between the Self and the Other and consequently can open the possibility of cultivating a community of unity on difference.

Introduction
Martin Buber and the Critical Logic of Difference………………………………1
Chapter One
Postmodernizing I-Thou: A Translation of the Buberian Construct of I-Thou Dialogue.………………………………………………………………….. …...16
Chapter Two
Rethinking Difference: An Investigation into the Foundation of the Derridean Economy of Violence……………...……………………………………………30
Chapter Three
Constructing Unity on Difference: A Reconstruction of the Buberian Construct of I-Thou Dialogue………………………………….……………………….….51
Conclusion
Toward a Community of Unity on Difference……………..……..…………….77
Works Cited……………………………………………………………….………….83

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