臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

營建土建完成後，如建築物、交通建設、橋梁等，常常需要電子監控設備長期監測其品質與安全性。本研究計畫以建築物內部常見的煙霧偵測器來規劃一個可長時間監測的裝置，可以定時收集日常環境的監測數據與管理感測裝置資訊，以及對緊急事件的即時處理，建置一個低成本且廣域的無線監控系統。採取低價、方便取得設備的設計方法，讓各個領域的工程或技術人員，可以隨時應用於其自身的需求。
一般煙霧偵測器只負責偵測煙霧與警報，並無聯網之功能。當有緊急事件發生時，在遠處的人員處無法立即得知煙霧偵測器位置及發生的狀況，甚至有時無法察覺溫度的變化或是警報聲被牆壁所隔絕，失去第一時間的緊急處置機會，以致人員處於危險的環境，甚至失去生命。
具聯網的感測網路，一般是由市電供電，當遇到緊急狀況或非預期性下斷電情況時，感測器系統頓時失去原有之聯網功能，每一個感測裝置就會失去電源或是成為獨立的感測裝置而已。所以建立一個可以在斷電情況下使用的無線感測網路系統，可以在市電斷電時，仍可正常運作數小時以上，讓處於緊急狀況下的人員得以在有效的時間內脫離危險處境。
當裝置具有聯網之功能時，監控系統可以收集其資訊和控制，但是當裝置無法取得有效電力的情形，就會使用到電池，能夠適當且有效的節能與通訊，才能延長無線感測裝置監控的時效。所以低功耗的材料元件選擇、裝置之間互聯網的功能相互配合，只有設計低功耗的裝置和有效的監測程式才能有效的延長裝置的監測時間。
實做出的先進火災警報裝置暨避難指引系統，整套系統可以分為先進火災警報裝置和避難指引系統兩個部分。在先進火災警報裝置方面提供煙霧偵測器的基本功能，新增的藍牙無線通訊的網狀網路可以監控每一部裝置的狀態，並提供逃生方向指引、日常溫度及電池電量等資訊。在避難指引系統採用嵌入式電腦，其中設計資料庫、裝置組態設置網頁及裝置監控程式，可以收集日常資訊儲存與傳送給中央控制系統，而系統主機可以依裝置的煙霧狀態動態改變每一個先進火災警報裝置逃生方向指引，讓人員可以立即得知方向與方位，達成人員與財產的最低損害。

After the completion of civil construction, such as buildings, transportation construction, bridges, etc., often require long-term monitoring of its electronic monitoring equipment quality and safety. In this research project inside the building common smoke detector to plan a long time monitoring devices, can be timed to collect monitoring data and management information daily environmental sensing devices, as well as immediate emergency treatment, build a low-cost, wide-area wireless monitoring system. Take low-cost, convenient access to equipment design approach, allowing various areas of engineering or technical personnel can always be applied to their own needs.
Usually smoke detectors and smoke alarms is only responsible for detection, there is no networking function. When an emergency occurs, not immediately know the location and status of smoke detectors occurring in people at a distance, and even sometimes imperceptible changes in temperature or siren was cut off wall, losing an emergency first time disposal of opportunity that people in dangerous environments, and even loss of life.
A networking sensor networks, typically the mains, when faced with an emergency situation or prospective loss of power, sensor system suddenly lost the original function of networking, each one sensing device will lose power or an independent sensing device only. So we want to establish a wireless sensor network system can be used in case of power failure, when power outages in the city can continue its normal operation for several hours or more, so that personnel in emergency situations to be out of danger in the effective time situation.
When the device has a networking function, the monitoring system can collect its information and control, but when the device is unable to obtain effective power of the case, it will use the battery can be appropriate and effective energy and communications, in order to extend the wireless sensing device monitoring aging. Therefore, low-power material component selection, the device between the Internet function with each other, only the low-power design time monitoring apparatus and an effective monitoring program in order to effectively extend the device.

To Implement the advanced fire-alarm and evacuation-signing system, the entire system can be divided into two parts advanced fire-alarm device and evacuation-signing system. Provide basic functions of smoke detectors in advanced fire-alarm device, the new Bluetooth wireless mesh network can monitor the status of every device, and to provide escape of direction, daily temperature and battery level, and more. In the evacuation-signing system uses an embedded PC, which designed the database, the device configuration settings page and device monitoring program, you can collect daily information storage and transmission to the central control system, the evacuation-signing system can smoke in accordance with the state the device to dynamically change every advanced fire-alarm device escape of direction, so that people can know immediately the direction and orientation, to achieve the minimum damage to persons and property.

論文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 I
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
第1章、緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究架構與流程 3
1.3 論文架構 6
第2章 文獻回顧與相關技術 7
2.1 火災警報器 7
2.2 Beacon技術 8
2.3 無線通訊的環境監測 11
2.3.1 藍牙4.0及應用趨勢 12
2.4 無線網狀網路 13
2.4.1洪水式網狀網路 14
2.4.2 機會式泛流網狀網路 14
2.4.3室內平面與立體無環境統緊急避難無線感測網路 17
2.5 避難避難指引 18
第3章 系統分析與設計 19
3.1 先進火災警報暨避難指引裝置的設計 21
3.1.1 電路設計方法 21
3.1.2 韌體設計 22
3.2 系統主機設計 23
3.3 藍牙Eddystone封包格式 25
3.3.1 Eddystone-UID 封包格式 25
3.3.2 Eddystone 非加密TLM 封包格式 27
3.4 藍牙TDS 封包格式 30
第4章 先進火災警報裝置設計 33
4.1 設計規格與需求 33
4.2 藍牙晶片選擇 35
4.3 電路實作 37
4.3.1 電源電路 37
4.3.2 電池電壓監測電路 38
4.3.3 藍牙通訊模組電路 40
4.3.4 溫度感測電路 42
4.3.5 避難方向指引電路 43
4.3.6 煙霧感測電路 45
4.3.7 先進火災警報裝置材料及成本評估 47
4.4 PCB設計 48
4.5 先進火災警報裝置檢測 51
4.5.1 硬體及韌體測試程序 51
4.5.2 硬體組裝順序 52
4.5.3先進火災警報裝置完成的簡單檢驗 52
4.6 煙霧偵測器 53
4.6.1 一般型煙霧偵測器 53
4.6.2 先進火災警報裝置 54
4.6.3 先進火災警報裝置與一般型煙霧偵測器比較 57
第5章 韌體架構與測試 59
5.1 韌體開發與工具 59
5.2 韌體架構開發 62
5.3 GATT Profile實作 63
5.4 Eddystone Beacon封包格式實作 65
5.5網狀網路轉傳功能實作 66
5.5.1節點辨識網狀網路中可轉傳的鄰近節點 (Between Devices) 69
5.5.2節點煙霧警報裝置轉傳封包至系統 (Alarm Device  System) 72
5.5.3系統轉傳封包到煙霧警報節點及各個群組裝置 74
5.5.4各群組的節點將日常裝置資訊封包轉傳到系統 75
5.6 韌體燒錄與保密 76
5.6.1 韌體加密保護 76
5.6.2 韌體一般燒錄方式 77
5.6.3 韌體燒錄和保密 78
第6章 系統主機資訊系統設計 79
6.1 系統硬體實作與安裝 80
6.2 系統主機功能 83
6.3 資訊系統網頁與運作 84
6.4 系統主機與先進火災警報裝置配置 88
6.5資訊系統中先進火災警報裝置避難指引 91
第7章 先進火災警報裝置暨避難指引系統運作展示 93
7.1 裝置模式定義 93
7.2系統展示 95
7.2.1先進火災警報裝置到系統主機 95
7.2.2 系統主機到先進火災警報裝置 96
7.2.3 系統主機發送關閉燈號封包 98
第8章火災感測避難指引之網狀網路整合與分析 101
8.1 藍牙通訊距離測試 101
8.1.1 氾濫式網狀網路(Flooding mesh network) 101
8.1.2 103
低功耗網狀網路(Low power consumption mesh network) 103
8.2 韌體測試模式 105
8.3 先進火災警報裝置網狀網路資訊收集(溫度、電池) 105
8.4先進火災警報裝置對煙霧狀態處理 105
8.5 先進火災警報裝置之電量評估 106
8.6 設備改善與擴充評估 108
第9章 結論與建議 109
9.1 結論 109
9.2 建議 111
參考文獻 113

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