臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展及快速普及，人們可以快速且容易的互相傳遞訊息，不像以前需要等待許多天的時間，才能收到在遠方朋友寄送過來的訊息，但是也由於網際網路的關係，在無形當中訊息被不法的第三者所攔截的機率也變高，因此資訊安全在這個年代也更顯得重要。近年來，可逆式的資訊隱藏方法，被許多的專家學者所重視，其基本概念為接收端收到藏有機密訊息的偽裝影像後，不僅能將機密訊息完整取出，還能完全回覆影像的原始狀態，進一步提高影像的再利用性。
至目前為止已經有相當多的可逆式資訊隱藏技術被提出，例如差值擴張法、直方圖修改法、整數小波轉換等，這其中直方圖修改法是以修改直方圖中統計量最多的像素值方式將機密訊息藏入影像中，該種方法的影像品質相當不錯。我們於本篇論文中提出二種以直方圖修改法為基礎之可逆式資訊隱藏法：其一是以分群的方式為概念，使用編碼簿來進行分群，將影像中相似的區塊群組在一起，計算原始區塊與編碼字的差值，並利用直方圖修改法，使用峰值點兩旁來藏入訊息，以達到可逆式資訊隱藏目的。其二是以四種走訪來判別區塊以哪種走訪所得之絕對差值最小表示該區塊變動最小，再以變動最小的絕對差值做直方圖修改。實驗結果顯示，我們所提的兩種方法其影像品質良好，皆有一定的藏入量。

Due to the fast growing and popularizing of Internet, people can transmit information quickly and easily. In the past, it took many days to receive information from friends far away. However, as a result of the using of Internet, the probability of information interception by hackers increases invisibly. For this reason, information security has become more important in this decade. Recently the reversible data hiding methods have studied a lot seriously by many professionals and experts. Its basic concept is to completely extract the embedded information after receiving the stego image, restore to its original image, and furthermore re-utilize the image.
Many techniques of reversible data hiding have been addressed, such as difference expansion, histogram modification, Integer Wavelet Transform, and so on. Among them, histogram modification that uses the peak pixel values of statistic of histogram to hide messages and achieves the highest image quality. We propose two methods of reversible data hiding based on histogram modification in this paper: the first one is based on codebook-clustering; the second one use adaptive scanning. Then the differences are collected to generate histogram. Finally, the histogram-based hiding mechanism is used to embed secret information. The two methods we proposed have good image quality and normal embedded capacity as shown in the experimental results.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌　謝 III
目　錄 IV
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 植基於直方圖修改之資訊隱藏法 4
2.1.1 Ni等學者所提之方法 4
2.1.2 Tseng與Hsieh學者所提之方法 8
2.1.3 Tai等學者所提之方法 12
2.2 向量量化壓縮法 15
第三章 植基於編碼簿分群之無失真資訊隱藏技術 19
3.1 方法簡介 19
3.2 分群處理 19
3.3 嵌入程序 20
3.4 取出與還原程序 25
3.5 實驗結果 30
第四章 適應性差值之無失真資訊隱藏技術 38
4.1 方法簡介 38
4.2 前置的處理 38
4.3 嵌入程序 39
4.4 取出與還原程序 41
4.5 實驗結果 42
第五章 結論與未來研究 47
5.1 結論 47
5.2 未來研究 47
第六章 參考文獻 49
VI
圖目錄
圖2-1、直方圖統計結果 .................................................................................... 5
圖2-2、Ni等學者的直方圖修改法 ................................................................... 6
圖2-3、找出峰值點及零值點 ............................................................................ 7
圖2-4、進行像素值位移 .................................................................................... 7
圖2-5、嵌入機密訊息“1010011” .................................................................... 8
圖2-6、Tseng與Hsieh的直方圖修改法 ........................................................ 10
圖2-7、找出峰值點及零值點 .......................................................................... 11
圖2-8、進行像素值位移 .................................................................................. 11
圖2-9、嵌入機密訊息“10110011101” .......................................................... 11
圖2-10、二元樹階層結構圖 ............................................................................ 13
圖2-11、水平方式掃描像素值 ........................................................................ 14
圖2-12、向量量化壓縮 .................................................................................... 16
圖2-13、向量量化壓縮法之壓縮端處理流程 ................................................ 18
圖2-14、向量量化壓縮法之解壓縮端處理流程 ............................................ 18
圖3-1、未跑群區塊之嵌入法 .......................................................................... 22
圖3-2、跑群區塊之嵌入法 .............................................................................. 24
圖3-3、未跑群區塊之取出及還原法 .............................................................. 27
圖3-4、跑群區塊之取出及還原法 .................................................................. 29
圖3-5、實驗圖 .................................................................................................. 31
圖3-6、編碼簿為512大小的偽裝影像 .......................................................... 33
圖3-7、編碼簿為256大小的偽裝影像 .......................................................... 34
圖3-8、編碼簿為128大小的偽裝影像 .......................................................... 35
圖4-1、四種走訪 .............................................................................................. 40
圖4-2、實驗圖 .................................................................................................. 43
表目錄
表3-1、編碼簿大小512的藏入量 .................................................................. 36
表3-2、編碼簿大小256的藏入量 .................................................................. 36
表3-3、編碼簿大小128的藏入量 .................................................................. 36
表3-4、本篇方法與Ni et al.方法之藏入量及影像品質比較 ........................ 37
表4.1、32×32適應性與固定掃描方式的實驗結果 ....................................... 45
表4.2、Airplane、Babara、Baboon各區塊大小之藏入量與影像品質 ....... 45
表4.3、Tai et al.[24]與本篇方法之比較 .......................................................... 45
表4.4、Tai et al.[24]藏入量與影像品質 .......................................................... 46
表4.5、本篇方法藏入量與影像品質，區塊大小32×32 ............................... 46

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