臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為一橫斷性問卷調查法，並配合開放式問題訪談，目的是要探討居家癌症患者希望狀態與其影響因素，並了解與非傳統西醫治療間相關性。
研究訪談期間於民國88年11月至89年2月間，以台北一家準醫學中心與一家醫學中心腫瘤治療部門之居家癌症患者為研究對象，以黃人珍翻譯之諾式希望量表(Nowotny Hope Scale)及自擬式非傳統西醫療行為問卷來進行資料收集，共訪談137位居家癌症患者。
研究結果顯示，居家癌症患者，以女多於男，平均年齡為51.9歲，以大專以上最多，宗教信仰以佛教居多，半數左右患者沒有參加宗教活動。患者知覺控制感屬於中等程度，感受較好為「家人關係」、「配偶關係」「朋友關係」，最低為「疾病進展」、「身體不適症狀」與「整體患病經驗」。
患者癌症診斷部位以女性乳房較多，平均患病時間為26.63個月，診斷期別以原位癌較多，患者治療方式多以放射治療為主，並合併手術與化學治療，患者症狀困擾屬於低程度，身體自我維持功能為可獨立完成日常活動。
患者希望狀態屬於中等程度，以來自內心次量表得分最高，依次為信心、主動參與、最低為未來可能。在患病後，有61.31%患者尋求非傳統西醫治療，多為合併使用，平均使用2.54種，使用類別以中藥/草藥/秘方較多，其次為飲食食品。質性訪談結果患者使用非傳統西醫治療動機以「環境中人際互動」影響較多，使用感覺以「身體狀況改善」較多。
在相關因素方面，居家癌症患者之年齡、宗教信仰、婚姻狀態、病前擁有職業否、知覺控制感、診斷期別、症狀困擾以及身體功能與希望狀態呈現顯著相關，其中知覺控制感、身體功能、宗教信仰與婚姻狀況為希望狀態之重要預測變項，共可解釋57%的變異量。患病後尋求非傳統西醫治療之患者，其希望狀態與信心顯著低於未尋求者，而心靈信念高於未尋求者。配合質性訪談結果發現當患者身體狀況與症狀困擾增加使得患者希望狀態降低，在人際互動影響下，期盼對於病情有所幫助並減輕痛苦，因而尋求非傳統西醫治療，尋求使用後患者感到副作用減輕，並獲得心理平安。
依據本研究結果提出以下建議：1)強化居家癌症患者支持系統；2)建立醫療訊息溝通管道；3)建立癌症個案管理之連續照護；4) 提供多元化門診活動；5)靈性護理之教育與實務訓練；6)建立癌症整合性門診；並期盼未來能深入了解癌症患者知覺控制感，透過不同研究方法，對病患尋求非傳統西醫治療有更深入探討。

The purpose of this cross-sectional study which combined structured questionnaires with open-ended question interview was to analysis the hope status and its correlators of the homebound cancer patients. The behavior of unconventional medicine associated to hope status was also explored.
This research was conducted in the radiation oncology centers of two teaching hospitals during the period from November 1999 to January 2000. Subjects of this study consisted of 137 homebound cancer patients. Research instruments were consisted of Nowotny Hope Scale which was translated into Chinese by Ren-Jeng Hwang and a self-designed behavior of unconventional medicine questionnaire.
The mean age of homebound cancer patients was 51.9. The major religious preference of patients was Buddhism. The most common educational level of subjects was collage. Half of patients didn’t participate religious activities. The perceived of control for patients were medium, the highest subscale was ” relationship of family”; ”relationship of spouse” was the next; the lowest one was “prognosis of disease”; “ physical discomfort” was the next; “over all of disease” was the third one.
Significant characteristics for patients were female, primary stage of medical diagnosis, and with the diagnosis of breast. Most of them have received radiation therapy and combined with chemotherapy and surgery therapy. The average duration of diagnosis was 26.63 months. Most of the symptom distress level of patients was belong to low and the physical functions of patients was self-maintain.
The hope status of patients was medium. The order of according to their important level was as follows: “come form within”, “confidence”, “active involvement”, and “future is possible”. There were 84 patients (61.31%) who had used at least one kind of combined unconventional treatments with an average number of 2.54. The most common one was Chinese herbal medicine, diet and the food was the second. According to results of open-ended interviews, the motivation of patients who used unconventional medicine was relationship interaction within environment. Many patients can felt improvement from their physical status after using these treatments. Correlators to the hope status of cancer patients were age, religion preference, marriage status, job, perceived of control, diagnosis phase, symptom distress level and physical self-maintain status. The perceived of control, physical self-maintain status, religion preference and marriage status were significant predictors for hope status, which accounted for 57% of the variances. The hope status of patients who used unconventional medicine was lower than patients who didn’t, but spiritual belief of users were higher than non-users. Result of the worse the physical status and symptom distress level of patients, the lower the hope status was shown. By using the unconventional medicine, patients hope to relieve their distress and improve their condition by increasing the relationship interaction. After using these treatments, they felt peaceful.
From the results of this study, the following suggestions are made. 1) to strength the support system for patients in order to improve their perceived of control; 2) to establish communication channel related to medical information; 3) to develop the program of case manager for making cancer patients’ continuous care; 4) to design multiple activities at outpatient centers; 5) to train and teach health professional on the topic of spiritual care; 6) to integrate cancer outpatient from other disciplines. To explore more information about cancer patients’ perceived of control and unconventional treatment was the proposed concern for future study.

論文目錄…………………………………………………………………………... I
圖表目錄………….……………………………………………………………….............III
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………IV
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………....VI
第一章 緒論
第一節 問題背景與重要性………………………………………. 1
第二節 研究動機………………………………………………….. 4
第三節 研究目的…………………………………………………..6
第二章 文獻查證
第一節 居家癌症病患的治療…..………………………………. 7
第二節 希望的詮釋……………..……………………………...18
第三節 希望的測量工具………..……………………………...23
第四節 影響希望的相關性研究..……….. ..…………………24
第五節 希望與尋求非傳統西醫治療相關研究……….........30
第三章 研究架構 研究問題 研究假設與名詞解釋
第一節 研究架構………………………………………………….34
第二節 研究問題……...………………………………………..35
第三節 研究假設…...………………………………………....35
第四節 名詞界定...…………………………………………....36
第四章 研究方法
第一節 研究對象………………………………………………….39
第二節 研究工具………………………………………………….39
第三節 研究工具信效度檢定……………………………….....45
第四節 研究倫理考量…………………………………………….48
第五節 研究步驟………………………………………………….49
第六節 資料處理與統計分析…………………………………….50
第五章 研究結果
第一節 居家癌症患者個人基本特質、疾病特質之描述…………………51
第二節 居家癌症患者希望狀態、非傳統西醫治療行為之描述…………59
第三節 居家癌症患者個人基本特質、疾病特質與希望狀態相關性描述71
第四節 居家癌症患者非傳統西醫治療行為與希望狀態相關性之描述.76
第五節 居家癌症患者希望狀態重要預測變項之描述……….…………80
第六章 討論
第一節 居家癌症患者個人基本特質與希望狀態之分析……….………85
第二節 居家癌症患者疾病特性與希望狀態之分析………….…………91
第三節 居家癌症患者希望狀態與非傳統西醫治療行為相關性之分析.96
第四節 居家癌症患者希望狀態重要預測變項之分析…………………102
第七章 結論與建議
第一節 結論………………………………………………………………105
第二節 研究限制…………………………………………………………110
第三節 建議………………………………………………………………111
參考資料
中文部分……………………………………………………………………116
西文部分……………………………………………………………………118
附錄一、希望狀態量表使用同意函………………………………………126
附錄二、非傳統西醫治療法類別使用同意函……………………………127
附錄三、專家效度名單……………………………………………………128
附錄四、醫院回覆公文(一)………………………………………………129
附錄五、醫院回覆公文(二)………………………………………………130
附錄六、修正後研究工具…………………………………………………131
附錄七、個案訪談資料……………………………………………………138
附圖目錄
圖一 概念環狀過程圖……………………………………………………….22
圖二 居家癌症病患希望程度與尋求非傳統西醫治療行為相關性之研究架圖……………………………………………………………………………..34
圖三癌症患者尋求非傳統西醫治療行為模式圖………………………….101
附表目錄
表2-1 癌症患者使用另類治療相關研究………………………………….14
表4-1 研究工具信度檢定結果……….……………………………………48
表5-1 居家癌症患者基本特質……….……………………………………53
表5-2 知覺控制感各題得分情形………………………………………….54
表5-3 居家癌症患者疾病特性……….……………………………………57
表5-4 症狀困擾各題得分情形……….……………………………………58
表5-5 希望狀態總量表與次量表得分情形………….……………………61
表5-6 希望狀態各題得分情形……….…………………..………………62
表5-7 居家癌症患者尋求非傳統西醫治療結果………………….………64
表5-8 居家癌症患者尋求非傳統西醫治療常用種類…………………….66
表5-9 居家癌症患者各項非傳統西醫治療行為結果…………………….67
表5-10 居家癌症患者使用非傳統西醫治療經驗統計結果……………….68
表5-11 居家癌症患者基本特質與希望狀態相關性分析………………….74
表5-12 居家癌症患者疾病特性與希望狀態相關性分析…………….……76
表5-13 居家癌症患者基本特質、疾病特性與希望狀態相關性分析…….76
表5-14 居家癌症患者希望狀態與非傳統西醫治療行為相關性分析(一).79
表5-15 居家癌症患者希望狀態與非傳統西醫治療行為相關性分析二)..79
表5-16 居家癌症患者基本特質、疾病特性與尋求行為交叉分析……….80
表5-17 希望狀態之逐步迴歸分析………………………………………….81
表5-18 信心次量表之逐步迴歸分析………………………………….……81
表5-19與他人有關次量表之逐步迴歸分析………………………….…….82
表5-20未來可能次量表之逐步迴歸分析…………………………….…….82
表5-21心靈信念次量表之逐步迴歸分析…………………………….…….83
表5-22主動參與次量表之逐步迴歸分析…………………………….…….84
表5-23來自內心次量表之逐步迴歸分析…………………………….…….84

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