臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統上加氯處理是淨水處理單元的利器，國內目前水源幾乎都 遭受污染
，富含有機物質。淨水廠利用加氯法殺除病菌，控制藻類 及其他微生物
之生長，並可破壞臭、味、氧化鐵、錳，以確保用戶 飲水之安全。但消
毒程序則會生成消毒副產物如THMs，一般認為 會產生消毒副產物的前驅
物質(precursors)是腐植酸及黃酸，此類有 機物可藉由其親疏水性之特
性差異將其分離，以利於探討各別的特 性與影響。本研究係採集大台中
地區水源德基水庫原水，以三種不同樹脂 XAD-8，AG-MP-50，IRA-93將
水樣分離萃取出七類不同有機 物，包括：親水性酸、鹼、中性物，疏水
性鹼、中性物、腐植酸 及黃酸。再以Sephadex gel做不同分子量分離，
探討其不同分子量 範圍對生成消毒副產物的影響。最後希望針對特定危
害性較大之分子量範圍，以濾膜進行molecular cutoff，減少消毒副產物
的生成。分析的項目包括：DOC、UV吸光度、THMFP、HAAFP、AOXFP。希望
藉由副產物生成情形，了解有機物反應特性及尋求適當的改善之道。在原
水分離的七類有機物中，以疏水性物質佔大部份(達58 %)，其中又以疏水
性中性物佔29 %為最高，親水性中性物佔21.3 %次之，再其次為腐植酸及
黃酸。而消毒副產物的生成以疏水性物質較高，THMFP/DOC, AOXFP/DOC分
別可達16.48及137.32 ug/mg，在各類有機物之分子量分佈情形，以腐植
酸為例，DOC主要分佈於分子量數千的範圍，生成的消毒副產物主要分佈
的範圍是在分子量5,000~1,000之間，這個結果與腐植酸主要結構多帶芳
香族化合物及平均分子量較高有關；一般而言，消毒副產物的生成量與有
機物所分佈的分子量範圍有密切的關係。在利用濾膜對有機前驅物進行去
除可以有效減少消毒副產物的生成，將有機前質去除至分子量<500，各類
有機物生成的消毒副產物可達70 %的去除率，除疏水性中性物效果較差
僅50~60 %，故需達較佳去除率適合以更小分子量濾膜進行過濾，可得90
%左右的去除效果。由以上結果顯示以濾膜對水體中有機物進行去除，可
直接減少有機物與氯反應之機會，進而減少消毒副產物的生成。

Chlorination is the most simple tool for disinfection in
drinking water process. Due to the pollution of raw water, which
contains high organic substance, may react with chlorine and
form so-called disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the most
popular DBPs: Trihalomethane, is confirmed as cancengenic
substance since 1974. The precursors of DBPs normally be
identified as: humic or fulvic acids. The potential technique
may obtain seven categories of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic
contents in raw water. In this study, we attempt to apply three
resins: XAD-8, AG-MP-50 and IRA-93 to classify different species
of NOM from raw water taken from Te-Chi reservoir, which
suffered from the excess farm cultivation and soil erosion.
After obtaining different species NOM; we will utilize Sephadex
gel to identify its MWD and select target size to cutoff by
either ultrafilter (UF) or nanofilter (NF) technique. The items
to examine the efficient of DBPs reduction are: DOC, UV
absorbance, THMFP (formation potential), HAAFP, AOXFP.The result
shows that hydrophobic substances predominate in the raw water (
about 58 %), especially hydrophobic neutrals (about 29 %).
Hydrophobic substances also has the highest DBPs formation
potential, THMFP/DOC, AOXFP/DOC can be reach to 16.48 and 137.32
ug/mg.With the molecular weight distribution for various species
organics, for example: DOC of humic acids distributed over the
range of several thousand daltons, and the DBPs mainly formed
between 5,000~1,000 daltons, it*s because humic acids has more
aromatic compounds and gets higher average molecular weight；
Generally speaking, DBPs formation is related to molecular
weight distribution of the organics.Membrane filtration can be
an affective technology to reduce DBPs formation, with the <500
daltons filtered, the reduction of DBPs can be reached to 70 %,
but hydrophobic neutrals is worse( about 50~60 %). To get the
better removal rate of DBPs, the lower molecular weight cutoff
should be used. According to the results, membrane filtration
can removal the DBPs precursor in raw water directly, and reduce
the DBPs formation.