臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討並列雙葉片的尾流流場特徵和氣動力性能，以及在不同間距比(g*)及各自變化攻角(α)下對流場所造成的影響。在開放式風洞中，利用煙線流場可視化、熱線風速儀和六度力量感測器來分析及量測雙葉片流場行為、特性、及氣動力性能。透過煙線流場可視化，可歸納出並列雙葉片的流場特徵模態，隨著間距比與攻角的改變，其特徵模態可分為貼附表面流模態(Attached surface flow)、不穩定波尾流模態(Instability wave in wake)、渦漩尾流模態(Vortical wake)、間隙流模態(Gap flow)、鈍體尾流模態(Bluff-body wake)、反相渦漩模態(Anti-phase vortex shedding)、同相渦漩模態(In-phase vortex shedding)。當並列雙葉片間距比甚小時，可將雙葉片視為一個整體，而其尾流模態近似於單隻葉片的流場特徵。隨著間距比增加，上、下葉片的尾流互相干擾，流場呈現渦漩尾流模態(Vortical wake)或反相渦漩模態(Anti-phase vortex shedding)。當間距比增加到一特定值後，其上、下葉片的尾流模態等同單隻葉片的狀態，表示其流場已不互相影響。經由熱線風速儀量測，在間距比g* = 0.083時，速度的擾動量最大，而隨著間距比的加大，其中心流場的擾動量遞減並趨近於自由流。透過熱線風速儀偵測其渦漩逸散之頻率，在同攻角下並列雙葉片的頻率相同，但其頻率隨著攻角增加而遞減。利用六度力量感測器測得升力、阻力及力矩；單隻葉片在攻角10度時有最大升力，阻力隨攻角增加而遞增，而力矩在攻角小於45度時，其隨攻角增加而遞增，在攻角大於45度時，隨攻角增加而遞減。並列雙葉片中，上葉片的流場特性與單葉片近似；下葉片則受上葉片壓力面影響，導致升力、阻力及力矩有明顯的降低；隨著間距比的增加，上葉片對下葉片的影響程度隨之降低。

摘要.......................................................................................................................................
Abstract.................................................................................................................................
目次.......................................................................................................................................
圖表目次..............................................................................................................................
符號索引..............................................................................................................................
第一章 緒論........................................................................................................................
1.1 研究動機..................................................................................................................
1.2 文獻回顧..................................................................................................................
1.3 研究目標..................................................................................................................
第二章 研究構思及實驗設備、儀器與方法..............................................................
2.1 研究構思..................................................................................................................
2.2 實驗設備..................................................................................................................
2.2.1 風洞...............................................................................................................
2.2.2 葉片模型......................................................................................................
2.3 實驗儀器及方法.....................................................................................................
2.3.1 自由流速的偵測.........................................................................................
2.3.2 煙線流場可視化.........................................................................................
2.3.3 速度特性與紊流強度偵測.......................................................................
2.3.4 尾流渦漩逸放之頻率偵測..................................................................
2.3.5 葉片氣動力負荷感測................................................................................
2.3.6 高速資料擷取系統....................................................................................
第三章 並列雙葉片的流場特性....................................................................................
3.1 低雷諾數之煙線流場可視化...............................................................................
3.2 單隻葉片..................................................................................................................
3.3 並列雙葉片..............................................................................................................
3.3.1 雙葉片之α = 0o...........................................................................................
3.3.2 雙葉片之α = 15o.........................................................................................
3.3.3 雙葉片之α = 30o.........................................................................................
3.3.4 雙葉片之α = 90o.........................................................................................
3.3.5 雙葉片之攻角影響......................................................................................
3.4 速度特性..................................................................................................................
3.5 渦漩逸放之頻率特性............................................................................................
第四章 並列雙葉片的氣動力性能................................................................................
4.1 單隻葉片之升力、阻力、力矩係數及升阻比....................................................
4.2 並列雙葉片之升力、阻力、力矩係數及升阻比................................................
4.2.1 雙葉片之攻角與氣動力性能的關係.......................................................
4.2.2 雙葉片之間距比與氣動力性能的關係..................................................
4.2.3 雙葉片之失速攻角與氣動力性能的關係..............................................
第五章 結論與建議..........................................................................................................
5.1 結論..........................................................................................................................
5.2 建議...........................................................................................................................
參考文獻..............................................................................................................................

[1] Carmichael, B. H., 1981, “Low Reynolds number airfoil survey,” Vol. 1, NASA CR 165803.
[2] McMaster, J. H., and Henderson, M. L., 1980, “Low speed single element airfoil synthesis,” Tech. Soaring, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1–21.
[3] Crabtree, L. F., 1957, “Effect of leading edge separation on thin wings in two-dimensional incompressible flow,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 597–604.
[4] Ward, J. R., 1963, “The behavior and effects of laminar separation bubbles on airfoils in incompressible flow,” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 67, No. 12, pp. 783–790.
[5] Arena, A. V., and Mueller, T. J., 1980, “Laminar Separation, Transition, and Turbulent Reattachment near the Leading Edge of Airfoils,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 747–753
[6] Huang, R. F., and Lin, C. L., 1995, “Vortex shedding and shear-layer instability of wing at low-Reynolds numbers,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 1398–1403.
[7] Lissaman, P. B. S., 1983, “Low Reynolds number airfoils,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, pp. 223–239.
[8] O’Meara, M. M., and Muerrler, T. J., “Laminar separation bubble characteristics on an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers, ” AIAA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 8, Aug. 1987, pp. 1033-1041.
[9] Hamakhan, I. A., 2010, “Aerodynamic performance effects of leading-edge geometry in gas-turbine blades,” Applied Energy, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 1591–1601.
[10] Li, Y., Ouyang, H., and Du, Z. H., 2007, “Experimental research on aerodynamic performance and exit flow field of low pressure axial flow fan with circumferential skewed blades,” Journal of Hydrodynamics, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 579–586.
[11] Marris, A. W., 1964, “A review on vortex streets, periodic wakes, and induced vibration phenomena,” Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol. 86, pp. 185-194.
[12] Berger, E., and Wille, R., 1972, “Periodic flow phenomena,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 4, pp. 313-340.
[13] Lienhard, J. H., 1966, “Synopsis of lift, drag and vortex frequency data for rigid circular cylinder,” Research Division Bulletin 300,Washington State University.
[14] Zdravkovich, M. M., 1988, “Review of interference-induced oscillations of two parallel circular cylinders in various arrangements,” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 28, pp. 183–200.
[15] Spivack, H. M., 1946, “Vortex frequency and flow pattern in the wake of two parallel cylinders at varied spacing normal to an air stream,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 13, pp.289-301.
[16] Agrawal, A., Djenidi, L., and Antonia, R. A., 2006, “Investigation of flow around a pair of side-by-side square cylinders using the lattice Boltzmann method,” Computers &; fluids, Vol. 35, pp.1092-1107.
[17] Abbott, I. H., and Von Doenhoff, A. E., 1959, Theory of Wing Section, Dover Publications, New York, p. 50 – 53.
[18] Batill, S. M., and Mueller, T. J., 1981, “Visualization of transition in the flow over an airfoil using the smoke-wire technique,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 340–345.

[19] Bertin, J. J., and Smith, M. L., 1989, Aerodynamics for engineers, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, p. 204–213 and p. 235–257.
[20] Williamson, C.H, K., 1985, “Evolution of a single wake behind a pair of bluff bodies,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 159, pp. 1-18.
[21] 洪聖智, 2012, 縱列葉片流場特性與氣動力效能之分析, 碩士學位論文, 台灣海洋大學機械與機電工程學系.
[22] Okaijma, A., 1982, “Strouhal number of rectangular cylinders,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 123, pp. 379-398
[23] Huang, R. F., and Lin, C. L., 1995, “Vortex shedding and shear-layer instability of wing at low-Reynolds numbers,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 1398 – 1403.
[24] Hoerner, S. F., and Borst, H. V., Fluid Dynamic Lift, Mrs. Liselotte A. Hoerner, Brick Town, New Jersey, 1975, pp. 422-423 and 156-158.