臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

虛擬團隊之團隊關係、任務特性與團隊承諾之研究
研究生：盧莉萍指導教授：李弘暉博士
元 智 大 學 管 理 研 究 所
摘 要
本研究針對虛擬團隊做一研究，其中自變數為團隊關係與任務特性，應變數則為團隊承諾，並且將溝通工具做為本研究架構之控制變數。以了解團隊關係與任務特性對團隊承諾的影響以及在溝通工具的控制下，對團隊承諾的影響為何，其中團隊關係為團隊凝聚力與團隊合作；任務特性為技能多樣性、工作重要性、工作自主性、工作完整性以及工作回饋性；團隊承諾則為價值承諾、留職承諾與努力承諾三部分。在統計方法上則使用相關分析、逐步迴歸分析、以及變異數分析，研究結果如下：
1. 團隊關係中之團隊凝聚力與團隊合作對團隊承諾具有顯著差異，但僅有團隊合作對團隊承諾具有預測能力。
2. 任務特性中的任務重要性對團隊承諾具有預測能力。與其他構面相較，「任務重要性」就成為團隊隊員投入工作的重要指標項目，顯示「工作重要性」是影響團隊承諾高低的主要關鍵因素。
3. 團隊合作與工作重要性對努力承諾具有預測能力；團隊合作與工作重要性對價值承諾具有預測能力；團隊合作對留職承諾具有預測能力。故團隊關係中的團隊合作與任務特性之工作重要性對團隊承諾的影響力大過於其他構面。
4. 控制變數--溝通工具對團隊承諾的影響，研究結果顯示以面對面溝通做為溝通方式的虛擬團隊之團隊承諾較以電子郵件為溝通方式之團隊承諾為高，但電子郵件與電話以及面對面溝通與電話之團隊承諾則無顯著差異，因此面對面溝通方式之團隊承諾仍高於其他二種溝通工具。
本研究之結論為，1.重視社會性資本的建立與累積；2.強調目標與任務的重要性；3.善用不同的溝通工具。
關鍵詞：虛擬團隊、任務特性、團隊關係、團隊承諾

目錄
表目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………….
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
第一節研究動機與背景……………………………………………………1
第二節研究目的……………………………………………………………4
第三節研究步驟……………………………………………………………5
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………6
第一節虛擬組織…………………………………………………………….6
一、虛擬的定義…………………………………………………………….6
二、虛擬組織的定義……………………………………………………….6
三、虛擬組織的特色………………………………………………………11
四、虛擬組織的管理方式…………………………………………………12
第二節 虛擬團隊…………………………………………………………….15
一、虛擬團隊的定義………………………………………………………15
二、虛擬團隊的成功因素…………………………………………………19
三、虛擬團隊的溝通之道…………………………..……………………20
第三節 組織承諾…………………………………………………………….26
一、承諾的概念…………………………………………………………..26
二、組織承諾的意義………………………………………………………27
三、組織承諾理論之探討…………………………………………………28
四、組織承諾理論模式…………………………………………………….31
第四節團隊的定義……………………….………………………………..35
一、團隊的意涵………………………….………………………………..35
二、團隊與團體的定義………………….………………………………..35
三、團隊的定義………………………….………………………………..38
四、團隊理論模型……………………….…………………………….….40
五、團隊承諾的意義……………………………………………………….45
第三章研究方法…………….…………………………………………………48
第一節研究方法的選擇…………………………………………………….48
第二節研究架構…………………………………………………………….48
第三節研究假設…………………………………………………………….49
第四節變數之操作型定義與衡量………………………………………….50
第五節研究設計…………………………………………………………….53
一、正式問卷設計………………………………………………………….53
二、受測方法、程序和樣本……………………………………………….54
三、信度（內部一致性）………………………………………………….58
第六節研究限制…………………………………………………………….60
第四章 資料分析與結果………………….………………………………..61
第一節統計方法……………………….…………………………………..61
第二節自變數對團隊承諾的影響…….…………………………………..64
一、團隊關係對團隊承諾之影響…………………………………………..64
二、任務特性對團隊承諾之影響…………………………………………..66
第三節團隊關係、任務特性對團隊承諾的影響…………………………..68
一、團隊關係、任務特性與努力承諾、價值承諾、留職承諾之分析…..71
二、團隊關係、任務特性對團隊承諾之迴歸分析………………………..72
第四節溝通工具對團隊承諾影響之檢定………………………………….78
一、溝通工具之單因子變異數分析…………………………………….78
二、溝通工具之兩樣本檢定…………………………………………….79
第五節研究假設檢定彙總………………………………………………….81
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………………………….83
第一節結論探討…………………………………………………………….83
一、單因子對因變數的影響………………………………………………..84
二、迴歸分析對應變數的影響…………………………………………….85
三、溝通工具對團隊承諾的影響…………………………………………..86
第二節政策意涵…………………………………………………………….87
第三節後續研究與建議……………………………………….…………..89
參考文獻………………………………...……………….………….…………91
中文部分……………………………………………………….……………..91
英文部分……………………………………………………….……………..91

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