臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
鯖科(Scombridae)魚類包含鮪(Tunas)、鰹(Bonitos)、鰆（Spanish mackerels）以及鯖（Mackerels）等魚類，遍佈全世界，是經濟價值極高的魚類。全世界的鯖科魚類共有15屬50種；而台灣產的鯖科魚類也有11屬22種。傳統的鯖科魚類分類系統主要建立在外形、骨骼等形質基礎上，本研究使用粒線體DNA細胞色素b（Cytochrome b）基因之完整序列，以最大簡約法（Maximum parsimony，MP）、鄰聚法(Neighbor -joining，NJ)等方法探討台灣產鯖科魚類種間之親緣關係（Phylogenetic relationship）。研究的結果顯示：（1）狐鰹屬與鲔屬為姐妹群，應列為鮪族的成員。（2）鮪屬為單系群；花鰹屬、正鰹屬及正鮪屬亦為單系群。正鰹屬及正鮪屬遺傳距離甚短，兩屬似乎可以合併為一個屬。（3）小眼雙線鯖較接近外群，雙線鯖屬應是較原始的鯖科魚類，故應歸入鯖族，不應歸類在鰆族。（4）棘鰆屬與裸鰆屬為姐妹群關係，棘鰆屬應列為沙丁族的成員。（5）沙丁族的分類地位並不穩固，該族成員有重新檢討的必要。

Abstract
The family Scombridae is composed of 15 genera and 50 species of mostly epipelagic marine fishes in the world, including mackerels, Spanish mackerels , bonitos , and tunas. While, there are 11 genera and 22 species of scombrids in Taiwan. They are economically important fishes around the world .
Conventionally, the systematic taxonomy of Scombridae is based on morphology and osteology. In this study, the complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bp) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Scombridae in the coastal waters of Taiwan. All of the 22 and 4 outgroup sequences were subjected to Neighbor-joining, and Maximum parsimony methods. The results of analysis suggest that：(1) Sarda and Thunnus share a common ancestor , so Sarda belongs to Thunnini.(2) Thunnus is a monophyletic group. Axis+Euthynnus +Katsuwonus is monophyletic , too. The genetic distances between Euthynnus and Katsuwonus is very short , so it seems to be reasonable for combining these genera to one genus. (3) Grammatorcynus is close to outgroup , so it is a primitive species of scombrid. It should be categorized to Scombrini . (4) Acanthocybium and Gymnosarda share a common ancestor, and they are the sister groups of Sardini. Acanthocybium belongs to Sardini. (5) The classification of Sardini category is unstable , and the members of Sardini need to be re-evaluated for their position in Scombridae.

目　錄
謝辭 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
前 言 1
材料與方法 9
一、標本採集 9
二、mtDNA細胞色素b基因核苷酸之定序 9
三、資料分析 13
結 果 15
一、 DNA序列分析 15
二、鯖科魚類間的親緣關係 17
討 論 19
一、各族間的親緣關係 19
二、 各族的分類是否適宜 20
三、Cytochrome b 基因的限制 24
結 論 26
參考文獻 27
表 34
圖 61
表目錄
表次 頁次
表1 實驗樣本採集地點、數目及代號 34
表2 22種鯖科魚類與外群cytochrome b基因之完整序列 35
表3 22種鯖科魚類氮鹼基百分比 54
表4 Codon替代變異統計 55
表5 各魚種間轉換（Ts）的比例 56
表6 各魚種間顛換（Tv）的比例 57
表7 各魚種在Kimura 2-Parameter模式下的遺傳距離 58
表8 胺基酸替代變異統計 59
圖目錄
圖次 頁次
圖1 目前接受的鯖科形態形質分類系統關係樹 60
圖2 兩種使用形態形質建構之鯖形魚類親緣假說 61
圖3 引子序列與位置 62
圖4 鹼基變異位置與頻率 63
圖5 Codon變異位置與頻率 64
圖6 胺基酸變異位置與頻率 65
圖7 Kimura 2-parameter 模式下Ts與Tv之迴歸線 66
圖8 使用Neighbor-joining 方法建構之親緣關係樹（以旗魚為外群）。 67
圖9 使用Maximum Parsimony 方法建構之親緣關係樹（以旗魚為外群）。 68

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