臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鈣鈦礦太陽能電池(Perovskite solar cell, PSC)除了其製程的快速、便利性外，其備受矚目的便是極高的光電轉換效率。有研究發現鈣鈦礦反應層可藉由摻雜量子晶體來影響光電轉換效率。目前已有團隊利用摻雜量子晶體硫化鉛改良鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的效率。研究成果發現，藉由添加硫化鉛有助於增加晶粒的形貌大小，此外還有效地提升太陽能電池的光電轉換效率。
本研究利用掃描穿隧顯微鏡進行量測太陽能電池的主動反應層甲胺鉛氯碘鹽(CH_3 NH_3 PbI_(3-x) 〖Cl〗_x)添加量子晶體後的電子特性的變化。同時比較摻雜硫化鉛及未摻雜硫化鉛後反應層的變化，並針對加光前後的能態密度在正負偏壓增減的情形進行能帶討論。實驗結果顯示摻雜硫化鉛的鈣鈦礦反應層薄膜晶粒直徑變大，且其在加光過後的費米能階遠離導電帶的能量變化量值較未摻雜硫化鉛的樣品晶粒較大，顯示光致載子在鈣鈦礦反應層薄膜分離效率更好，進而導致其光電轉換效率提升。

The recent studies show that intermixing quantum crystal PbS with the active light-absorber (〖CH〗_3 〖NH〗_3 〖PbI〗_(3-x) 〖Cl〗_x) film in perovskite solar cell enlarges the grain size, which can be exceeded to 4µm. The quantum crystal in perovskite increases not only power conversion efficiency over 17.4%, but also the diffusion length.
In order to investigate the variation of the electronic properties of the perovskite solar cell film in dark and under illumination condition, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was utilized to study the topography images and localized electronic properties of the perovskite active light-absorber.
In this work, the electronic dI/dV spectroscopy measurement of perovskite intermixing PbS in dark demonstrates n-type semiconductor behavior. Moreover, the increase of density of states at valence band of perovskite film reveals the augment of hole carrier concentration under illumination. The shift of electronic dI/dV spectroscopy of perovskite with PbS compared to that of the perovskite without PbS shows that the magnitude of carriers separation is associated with the grain size. Also the grain size enlarged is beneficial for power conversion efficiency (PCE).

摘要 1
Abstract 2
致謝 3
目錄 4
第一章 緒論 9
1.1 太陽能電池 9
1.2 鈣鈦礦結構的太陽能電池 11
1.3 CH3NH3PbI3-xClx 的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池光電特性 15
1.4 CH3NH3PbI3-xClx 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池加入添加物 17
第二章 研究動機 18
第三章 實驗原理 19
3.1 量子穿隧效應 (Quantum Tunneling Effect) 19
3.2 穿隧電流 20
3.3 掃描模式 22
(1) 定電流模式(Constant Current Mode) 22
(2) 定高度模式(Constant Height Mode) 23
(3) 電流密度取像法(CITS) 24
3-4掃描穿隧能譜(Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy, STS) 25
第四章 實驗儀器與步驟 26
4.1 儀器介紹 26
4.2 超高真空系統 27
(1) 旋轉式機械幫浦(Mechanical Rotary Pump) 27
(2) 渦輪分子幫浦(turbo molecular pump) 28
(3) 離子幫浦(Ion pump) 28
(4) 鈦昇華幫浦(Titanium sublimate pump，TSP) 29
第五章 實驗結果與討論 35
5.1 樣品資訊 35
5.2 晶體形貌討論 37
5-3 電子特性的探討---電流影像穿隧能譜 (CITS) 40
5-4鈣鈦礦薄膜加光後電流穿隧能譜 43
5.5 能帶曲線討論 46
結論 50
參考文獻 51

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