臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

串流媒體(Streaming Media)是近年來新興的一種網路多媒體傳播方式。傳統要在網路上觀賞影音資料，都是經由下載方式完成，用戶必須先將檔案完整下載，再透過適當的播放程式來呈現。所以用戶必須等待一段不算短的時間之後才能看到內容，而且這些檔案都會留存在用戶的硬碟中，對用戶而言，使用一段時間後所累積下來的許多檔案會佔用掉不小的硬碟空間；對檔案提供者而言也必須擔負檔案會被未授權地四處散播的風險。但在傳統網路頻寬不足時，這是為維持一定觀賞品質而必須的傳播方式。
串流媒體的傳播方式正是為了解決上述問題所研發出來的一項技術。當伺服器接受到用戶要觀賞的需求時，就將這些影音檔案傳送同時就分解成許多小封包(Packets)封包一一傳送到用戶端，而用戶端程式會將這些封包一一重組，即時呈現在用戶端的螢幕上，這些訊號就是這樣源源不絕的串起來由伺服器流動到用戶端，產生一個持續不斷的訊號流，而這就是為何這種播送方式會被稱之為串流的原因。
影像科技在整個科技產業之中一直都是相當主流且重要的議題。隨著高品質影像的發展，整個影像壓縮的技術也一直不斷的持續進步。從已經非常主流的MPEG-2(DVD)到壓縮品質更好、應用層面更為廣泛的MPEG-4，整個影像的壓縮率不斷的再向上提升。而目前最新的影像壓縮技術H.264(MPEG-4 Part 10)，更是一口氣把影像壓縮率較MPEG-4提升了50%。未來幾年，H.264將在影像壓縮上扮演相當主流且重要的角色。
另一方面，網路頻寬逐漸增加，人與人之間的溝通因此有了很大的轉變，從單一的文字、聲音、一直到影像。如何有效率的傳送高品質的影音串流在現今仍為大家所期待且追逐的目標。本研究結合了最新的H.264影像壓縮、影音串流以及網路，實做出以網路為媒介的影音伺服器。

Streaming media is a new type of internet multimedia transport mechanism. Traditionally, user must download the interested file first, and then play the file by some multimedia player software. This may cause a long waiting time and large memory consumption. Sometimes the intellectual property is an issue in this kind of transport mechanism, because after the whole file is downloaded, the user may distribute it to unauthorized user.
Streaming media is a technique which can solve the problems mentioned above. When the server receives the client’s request, the server splits the file into packets and delivers them to the client. After filling an initial buffer, the player can start playing the video and audio in real-time without downloading the whole file into the hard disk first. The video and audio signals then transfer from the server to the client continuously. This is also why this kind of transport mechanism is called streaming.
Imaging technology is a key technique in multimedia technology development. Image compression technology continuously improves from MPEG-2 (DVD) and MPEG-4 to H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10). H.264 enhances the compression efficiency by 50% compared with MPEG-2, and will play an important role in the future.
The development and application of multimedia communication is an evolving technology. It also changes the way we communicate to each other. How to transfer high quality multimedia streaming data is an ongoing topic and has caught many researchers’ interests. We investigated video/audio compression and multimedia streaming techniques, and finally developed a multimedia streaming server in practice.

中文摘要..................................................i
英文摘要................................................iii
誌謝......................................................v
目錄.....................................................vi
圖目錄.................................................viii
表目錄....................................................x
第一章 緒論...............................................1
1-1 研究動機..............................................1
1-2 研究目的..............................................1
1-3 系統架構..............................................2
1-4 論文架構..............................................4
第二章 H.264影像壓縮......................................5
2-1 前言..................................................5
2-2 Boundary Strength.....................................9
2-3 網路提取層(Network Abstraction Layer，NAL)...........11
2-4 H.264影像格式介紹....................................12
2-5 Slice的編碼模式......................................14
2-6 Intra的解碼方式......................................16
第三章 串流媒體與網路通訊協定............................18
3-1 OSI網路模型..........................................18
3-2 網路中的多媒體串流技術...............................24
第四章 影音串流伺服器開發................................39
4-1 設計之考量...........................................39
4-2 系統架構與流程.......................................40
4-3 軟體平台介紹.........................................42
4-4 系統架構與流程.......................................44
4-5 系統實作.............................................47
4-6 系統程式設計.........................................55
第五章 問題與未來目標....................................60
第六章 結論..............................................63
參考文獻.................................................65

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