臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的是利用數值模式：（1）研究單口水平井生產層之水錐（Water conning），估算水錐貫穿時間（Water breakthrough time）及臨界產率（Critical rate）；以及（2）研究兩口水平井生產層之水錐，研究兩口井同時生產時對水錐貫穿時間及臨界產率之影響，並研究兩井之最佳井位配置以增加產量。
本研究之研究項目包括：（1）建立水平井水錐數值模式，估算水錐貫穿時間及臨界產率，繪製水錐貫穿時間典型曲線，並比較直井與水平井之生產效能；（2）利用數值模式分析現場水平井生產資料，進行歷史調諧並研究其生產特性；（3）根據歷史調諧所得之儲油層資料，研究兩口水平井之間距變化對水錐貫穿時間及臨界產率之影響，計算累積產量並進行經濟效益分析。
由單口水平井生產層之水錐研究結果得知：（a）水平井的水錐貫穿時間隨著液體（或石油）產率之增加而減小；（b）井口出水後，生產的水油比（WOR, Water oil ratio）及水切（Water cut）之增加速度隨著油相產率之增加而增加；（c）水平井的臨界產率（特定時間內的不出水產率）隨著水平井的水平孔段之井長的增加及水平孔段之高度的提高（遠離油水界面）而增加；（d）在固定井底壓力生產時，可得最高的累積油相生產量的無因次水平孔段高度位置為0.6（位於油水界面與生產層頂部的中間偏上方位置）；（e）在相同的生產率之下，水平井比直井更晚出水，水平井的臨界產率較高，因此，水平井有更佳的生產效能。在多口水平井生產層之水錐研究中：（a）完成生產量的歷史調諧（利用已知的現場油相生產率，調整數值模式參數而計算水相產率，使計算值與現場水相產率資料相吻合）獲得正確的數值模式，並提供為兩口水平井生產層水錐研究及最佳水平井配置研究之用；（b）水油比與水切增加速度隨著兩口水平井之間距增加而變慢；而石油累積生產量隨著水平井間距增加而增加。而由經濟分析以評估最佳水平井間距之研究結果得知：（a）兩口相互平行的水平井之最佳水平間距約為1500 ft~2000 ft；（b）兩口相互垂直水平井之最佳水平間距約為1000 ft~1500 ft，（c）兩口相互垂直的水平井之淨現值優於兩口相互平行水平井。

The purpose of this work is to use numerical simulation to study: (1) water conning in a reservoir with single horizontal well reservoir, water breakthrough time and critical rate, and production strategy to decrease the water production and increase the oil (gas) production; (2) water conning phenomenon of multiple producing wells interfered each others, and optimum well configuration to increase production of a reservoir with multiple horizontal wells.
The major tasks of this study are: (1) building numerical models of horizontal well with water conning, estimating water breakthrough time and critical rate, and plotting type-curve of water breakthrough time, comparing production efficiency between vertical well and horizontal well, and investigating the production strategy to decrease the water producing rate and increase the oil (gas) producing rate; (2) analyzing field production data by numerical modeling and determining the characteristics of formation by history matching; (3) conducting economic analysis of the production rate affected by water conning for different well spacing in reservoir with a multiple horizontal wells.
The major results from the study of single horizontal well with water conning are: (a) in a oil reservoir containing aquifer, a well with increasing fluid production rate will make water breakthrough earlier; (b) after the water breakthrough, water oil ratio (WOR) increases as oil rate increases; (c) the critical rate increases as the length of horizontal section of the well increases; the critical rate will be high for the well with horizontal section being far above the oil-water contact in the reservoir；(d) for the well producing at constant bottom-hole pressure, the optimum location of horizontal section of the well is location at slightly above the middle of the oil zone; (e) for the same producing rate, the water breakthrough time from a horizontal well is longer than it from a vertical well. The horizontal well has better producing efficiency. The major results from the study of multiple horizontal wells reservoir conning study are: (a) a good production history match is obtained for analyzing a field data from a reservoir with horizontal well; (b) the longer the horizontal well spacing in a reservoir with multiple horizontal wells, the lower the increasing rate of the water to oil ratio. The major results from the case study of economic analysis of the production from horizontal well are: (a) the optimum horizontal well spacing determined by economic analysis of net present value (NPV) is 1500 ft ~ 2000 ft in the case of parallel horizontal wells; (b) the optimum distance between two perpendicular horizontal wells is 1000 ft ~ 1500 ft; (c) the net present value (NPV) from two perpendicular horizontal wells is higher than that from two parallel horizontal wells.

中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
誌謝 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VII
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
圖目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- XV
符號說明 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- XXIII
第一章 緒論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 前言 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-2 研究目的 --------------------------------------------------------------- 3
第二章 文獻回顧 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2-1 直井之水錐貫穿時間與臨界產率 --------------------------------- 5
2-2 水平井之水錐貫穿時間與臨界產率 ------------------------------ 7
2-3 多口水平井生產配置對出水及油相生產量之影響 ------------ 9
2-4 水平井生產之經濟評估 -------------------------------------------- 10
第三章 理論基礎 --------------------------------------------------------------- 13
3-1 流體流動方程式（擴散方程式） ---------------------------------- 13
3-2 數值模式 -------------------------------------------------------------- 14
3-3 經濟評估 -------------------------------------------------------------- 15
第四章 數值模式建立及水錐貫穿時間計算 ------------------------------ 17
4-1 基礎數值模式建立及驗證 ----------------------------------------- 17
4-2 水錐貫穿時間典型曲線 -------------------------------------------- 19
第五章 結果與討論 ------------------------------------------------------------ 23
5-1 單口水平井水錐貫穿時間之分析 -------------------------------- 23
5-1-1 固定油相生產率之水錐貫穿時間計算 ---------------- 23
5-1-2 固定液相生產率之水錐貫穿時間計算 ---------------- 26
5-1-3 固定井底壓力生產之水錐貫穿時間計算 ------------- 28
5-1-4 綜合討論（不同水平孔段長度） ------------------------- 29
5-1-5 單口水平井之經濟評估分析 ---------------------------- 31
5-1-6 直井與水平井生產效能比較及經濟評估分析 ------- 33
5-2 單口水平井生產資料分析（歷史調諧研究） -------------------- 34
5-3 兩口水平井水錐貫穿時間之分析 -------------------------------- 39
5-3-1 兩口相互平行水平井之生產模擬分析 ---------------- 40
5-3-2 兩口相互垂直水平井之生產模擬分析 ---------------- 46
5-3-3 兩口相互平行與垂直水平井之綜合比較 ------------- 51
第六章 結論 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

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