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This research mainly probes into the status of the school adjustment of first grade students in elementary school as well as the influential factors, and tries to understand the assistance provided by teachers and the school for the student’s school adjustment. The connotation of school adjustment is divided into three aspects: 1) relationship adjustment, 2) regular adjustment, and 3) learning adjustment. As this research is a qualitative one, methods such as participated observation, interview, and questionnaire etc have been used to collect data; and triangulation, recording, long-term and sustaining observation, introspection and together discussion with professors and teachers have been carried out to improve the reliability and validity of this research. The results are as follows: 1.The state of children’s school adjustment: (1) Relationship: those who behave better interact more with the teacher, and girls are more active than boys. The interaction between schoolmates is made in several ways, including mutual aid, sharing, encouragement and comfort, quarrel and conflict, competition and comparison, isolation, etc. (2) Regular: the items of class regulations that the teacher pays more attention to are the following five: raising hand before speaking, proper sitting posture, concentration in class, chucking oneself down after entering the classroom during class, and no articles other than books and stationery on the desk. While the items of life regulations that the teacher emphasizes are the following five: children’s safety, environmental and individual neatness, courtesy of daily life, class-over procedure, and no quarrel or fight. (3) Learning: the field of learning that the children favor the most is daily life. Bad learning condition that occurs the most frequently is no concentration in class. 2.The factors that affect the children’s school adjustment are as shown below: (1) Relationship adjustment: regular behavior, learning behavior, mutual perception, sex, arrangement of seats, family, etc. (2) Regular adjustment: time, context and space, sex, the way of establishing regulations, arrangement of seats, family, etc. (3) Learning adjustment: time for learning, teaching behavior, teaching style, content of course, arrangement of seats, expectation of teacher and parents, family, etc. 3.Assistance provided by the teacher for children’s school adjustment: (1) Relationship adjustment: psychological assistance and communication for problem children. (2) Regular adjustment: clearly speaking, enlightening, demonstration, corrective direction, contact with parents, etc. (3) Learning adjustment: explanation, discussion, repeated exercises, practicality show, individual assistance, etc. 4.Assistance provided by the school for children’s school adjustment: lecture, meeting of students’ parents or guardian, distribution of school journal, visiting school environment, establishment of assistance team for new students, implementation of “little teacher” system, etc.
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