臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
醫護領域運用依附理論解釋母子關係對幼兒未來心理狀態與社交型態的影響，成為善盡母職的理論基礎，並運用揹巾輔助母嬰身體接觸，建立母嬰依附情感和嬰兒心理安全感，形塑婦女應該使用揹巾育兒之醫學知識，卻無視於婦女身體和情緒勞動的負荷過量，依然在台灣媽媽教室教育婦女應該使用，故本研究旨從台灣社會文化脈絡，解析嬰兒揹巾如何成為現代婦女必需的育兒工具，以及獨存於現代婦女使用揹巾的科學母職實踐。
本研究以民族誌研究法，採中度參與式觀察10場醫療院所、社區、百貨公司之媽媽教室與4家婦幼用品店，紀錄現場醫護人員、揹巾廠商等相關人員和婦女的互動。並以理論性抽樣，於2011年8月至2012年3月，訪談並比較不同家庭結構且使用現代揹巾的婦女與家中其他使用者，共15位(7位媽媽、3位爸爸、2位祖母、1位保母)，每次訪談時間約1-2小時，至理論飽和。研究期間，以「肌膚接觸」、「依附」等作為關鍵字，收集1957年6月至2012年3月之報章雜誌與衛教單張等文本資料，並以持續性比較法進行資料歸納與分析。
本研究結果為五項科學母職實踐之文化主題:壹、準備育兒的母體；貳、揹巾商業化招募更多身體；叁、醫療保健論述展延情緒勞動的投入；肆、負面身體意象與自我規訓的展演；伍、再複製家務、育兒為婦女的社會角色。其結果有助醫護人員理解婦女使用揹巾之生活脈絡，建議醫護人員面對婦女以揹巾為育兒工具時，能提高文化敏感性，並納入婦女使用揹巾的在地經驗，作為醫療健康政策制定及發展育兒相關用品之參考。

Healthcare providers recognize the important role played by attachment theory in explaining the close relationship between mental health and social behavior in mothers and their children. Recently, healthcare providers noticed that a new baby sling/carrier technology might promote this close relationship through direct skin-to-skin contact and claim that mothers should use them to raise their children. Despite the body and emotional labor overloaded for women, the new baby sling/carrier has been recommended in parenting classes in Taiwan. The purpose of this study aimed to explore how the baby sling/carrier has become the essential child-rearing technology to modern women, and the practices of scientific motherhood for women who use baby slings/carriers in their socio-cultural contexts of Taiwan.
Ethnography was applied. Ethnographic interviews and moderate participant observations were used to collect data in 4 baby shops and 10 parenting classes held at Taiwan’s hospitals, clinics, and community and department stores from August 2011 to the end of March 2012. Procedures for using of baby slings/carriers and interactions between relevant people, including doctors; nurses; and the baby sling/carrier marketing officers, and women were observed and recorded. Theoretical sampling was applied for sample selection. As a result, seven women and their families (including: three fathers, two grandmothers, and one nanny) who come from different family structures and have experiences using the sling/carrier after parenting classes, were study participants. These participants were interviewed with grand-tour questions at first which were then followed up by structural and contrast questions to ascertain their opinions. Each interview lasted between one to two hours and was tape-recorded. The interviews were then transcribed verbatim. At the same time, magazines, books and newspaper articles about the baby sling/carrier from June 1957 to the end of March 2012 were obtained using the keywords “skin contact” and “attachment” among others. Data were analyzed using this constant comparison method.
The results of this study highlighted five cultural themes: 1.Preparing to be a mother for the precious newborn. 2. Meanings of commercialized baby slings/carriers have attracted women’s attention. 3. The discourse of maternal and child healthcare increases the caregiver’s body and emotional labor overloaded. 4. The performances of the body images and self disciplines. 5. According to the reproduction of mothering, there is a link between housework and childcare.
The results of this study help health professionals to understand the modern women’s experiences of using baby slings/carriers in their life contexts. It is suggested that healthcare professionals must incorporate a culturally sensitive care model for mothers who regard the baby sling/carrier as a child-rearing technology. Development of health policies and child-rearing technologies should incorporate the experiences of laywomen who use baby slings/carriers.

目 錄
致謝…………………………………………………………………… i
摘要…………………………………………………………………… ii
Abstract………………………………………………………………iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………vii
圖目錄………………………………………………………………… ix
表目錄………………………………………………………………… ix
附件目錄……………………………………………………………… ix

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………… …1
第一節 問題陳述…………………………………………………………… …3
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………………… …6
第三節 研究重要性……………………………………………………… ……6
第二章 文獻查證…………………………………………………………… 8
第一節 嬰兒揹巾功能的發展與爭議……………………………… …………9
第二節 依附理論的發展與實務經驗的討論…………………………………18
第三節 婦女使用嬰兒揹巾的身體經驗與身體政治…………………………23
第三章 研究方法論………………………………………………………… 28
第一節 民族誌學研究法………………………………………………………29
第二節 研究設計………………………………………………………………31
第三節 理論性抽樣……………………………………………………………35
第四節 研究對象………………………………………………………………36
第五節 資料收集過程與方法…………………………………………………37
第六節 資料分析與處理………………………………………………………39
第七節 研究嚴謹度……………………………………………………………40
第八節 研究論理………………………………………………………………42
第四章 研究結果…………………………………………………………… 42
第一節 田野觀察………………………………………………………………42
第二節 受訪個案基本資料、特質和類型之描述……………………………55
第三節 文本資料收集結果……………………………………………………64
第四節 文化主題之概述………………………………………………………78
第五章 科學母職實踐之文化主題呈現……………………………… ……80
第一節 準備育兒的母體………………………………………………………80
第二節 嬰兒揹巾商業化招募更多需求的身體…………………………… 100
第三節 婦幼保健論述展延情緒勞動的投入….……………………………115
第四節 負面身體意象與自我規訓的展演………………………………… 126
第五節 再複製家務、育兒為婦女的社會角色…………………………… 138
第六章 討論………………………………………………………………… 153
第一節 哺育醫療化下，揹巾的醫學知識與母體的改造………………… 153
第二節 揹巾科技網絡的建構與婦女使用意義的轉變…………………… 157
第七章 結論與應用………………………………………………………… 163
第一節 結論………………………………………………………………… 163
第二節 護理實務與政策的建議…………………………………………… 164
第三節 研究限制與未來研究的建議……………………………………… 168
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………170
附件………………………………………………………………………………178


圖目錄
圖一 資料收集與分析過程……………………………………………………40
表目錄
表一 書、報、雜誌文本資料名單……………………………………………67
表二 書、報、雜誌文本資料整理表…………………………………………77
表三 網路論壇文本資料整理表………………………………………………77
表四 「嬰兒揹巾與現代台灣婦女科學母職之實踐」的文化主題與類歸… 79
附件目錄
附件一 受訪者同意書…………………………………………………………178
附件二 「國立陽明大學人體試驗暨倫理委員會」同意臨床試驗證明書… 182
附件三 訪談大綱………………………………………………………………183
附件四 媽媽教室、店家人員受訪清單………………………………………185
附件五 媽媽教室隨機訪談的婦女清單………………………………………186
附件六 媽媽教室衛教單張和電腦簡報內容摘要表…………………………188
附件七 舉例:嬰兒揹巾圖片之性別意涵…………………………………… 190
附件八 舉例:哺乳講座的宣傳單之性別意涵……………………………… 191
附件九 受訪者個案基本資料…………………………………………………193
附件十 受訪個案資料分析表…………………………………………………197

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