臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於可攜式電子產品整合愈來愈多功能於一體，利用高效率的電源管理技術來達到延長電池壽命的功效受到注目。為了可以有效的將電池的所有能量轉換使用，直流/直流轉換器必須可以工作在一大範圍的供應電源之下，輸出電壓可能比輸入電源高或低，唯有升降壓轉換器才能符合兩者的要求。然而傳統的升降壓轉換器在每個操作周期都會將功率級的四個開關切換一次，因此切換損失會是普通的升壓和降壓轉換器的兩倍。此外在輸入電壓接近輸出電壓時，電感電流的平均值會是單純降壓或低責任週期升壓的兩倍，所以導通損失會比此兩種狀況還要高達四倍，也因此在一些產品的效率圖上可以看到在輸入電壓接近輸出電壓時會往下掉。

穩壓器利用負回授的方式來防止輸入電壓或是負載瞬間改變。升降壓轉換器是利用誤差放大器的輸出電壓與兩個固定的三角波來決定責任週期的大小，因為三角波的峰值與谷值是固定的，所以系統暫態反應的速度取決於誤差放大器輸出電壓變化的快慢，然而誤差放大器的輸出往往有一個補償系統的電容，因此誤差放大器的輸出並無法快速改變，在未改變完成之前，輸出電壓會因為能量不足或過多而受到影響，此現象在某些應用是上是不被允許的。

本篇論文提出一個高效率且輸出電壓漣波小的升降壓轉換器來達到延長電池壽命的目的，此外混合升壓及降壓前饋式技術整合於此轉換器中來達到快速的線性暫態反應。新型的控制方式讓轉換器在每個週期僅有兩個開關切換，因此切換損失如同單純的降壓或升壓轉換器，並且利用降低平均電感電流值的技術來達到降低導通損失，所以此新型態的控制方式可以同時降低切換損失及導通損失來提升整體轉換器的效能。由於加入了混合升壓及降壓的前饋式技術，輸入電壓變化對誤差放大器的輸出電壓變化的影響降到最低，因此轉換器在輸入電壓快速改變時可以快速的將輸出電壓回穩。此轉換器以台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司點二五微米互補式金氧製程來實現，輸入電壓範圍從2.7伏特到4.5伏特，其負載範圍從50毫安培到400毫安培。實驗結果顯示在鋰電池的供應電壓範圍下，輸出電壓可以被穩定在目標值，並且當轉換器改變操作模式時，輸出電壓也不會受到影響。整體最高效率為96%，且即使是輸入電壓接近輸出電壓，效率仍可以維持在相當高。此外輸入電壓變化對輸出電壓的影響被大幅的降低。

Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Basic Knowledge of Power Management System 1
1.2 Classification of Voltage Regulators 3
1.2.1 Low Dropout Regulator (LDR) 3
1.2.2 Charge Pump Converter 5
1.2.3 Switching Converter 6
1.2.4 Comparison 7
1.3 Motivation 8
1.4 Thesis Organization 9
Chapter 2 10
Basic Knowledge of Buck-Boost Converter 10
2.1 Topologies of Buck-Boost Converter 11
2.1.1 Combination of Boost Converter with Low Dropout Regulator 11
2.1.2 Flyback Converter 11
2.1.3 Inverting Buck-Boost Converter 12
2.1.4 Cuk Converter 13
2.1.5 Single-Ended-Primary-Inductance Converter 13
2.1.6 Boost Converter Cascaded with Buck Converter 14
2.2 Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter 14
2.3 Summary 16
Chapter 3 18
The Topology of the Buck-Boost Converter with Hybrid Buck-Boost Feed-Forward (HBBFF) and Reduced Average Inductor Current (RAIC) Technique 18
3.1 The method and analysis of the RAIC technique 18
3.2 The method and analysis of the HBBFF technique 21
Chapter 4 24
The Implementation of the Proposed Buck-Boost Converter 24
4.1 The implementation of dynamic buck saw-tooth generator 26
4.2 The implementation of dynamic boost saw-tooth generator 28
4.3 Mode detector for implementing the RAIC technique 31
Chapter5 35
Experimental Results, Conclusions, and Future Works of Proposed Buck-Boost Converter 35
5.1 Experimental Results 35
5.2 Conclusions 43
5.3 Future Work 44
Reference 44

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