臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今工業以及家庭許多負載的應用皆是以電力電子系統作電能的處理以及控制至負載的流向，隨著時代的進步，近年來微電子技術以及功率半導體技術不斷的改善，電力電子系統設計朝向以降低體積、成本以及提高性能為最佳目標，因此電力電子系統的開發逐漸受到重視。
直流馬達因為具備了高啟動扭矩、容易受線性控制、響應速度快等優點，因此許多工業上負載驅動方式大多以直流馬達為致動器，對於要提高系統的傳輸效率、以及減少不必要的能源浪費，電力電子轉換器的設計便非常重要，因此本論文主要針對額定功率為450W直流馬達作降壓式直流-直流轉換器的設計與分析，本文首先將降壓式直流-直流轉換器作原理的分析，並分析整個轉換器設計上理想的情形，再利用電路模擬軟體PSPICE設計轉換器以及電路元件的選取，根據模擬設計的轉換器，本文便實際的製作降壓式直流-直流轉換器，並探討實務設計所產生的非理想情形與理論設計的理想情形兩者之差異性，同時改善實務上所產生的非理想情形。
本文最後探討出實務設計的轉換器電路與理論設計轉換器電路的差異性，並作整個電路上元件預度的調整達到實務電路應用上的可行性以及非理想情形的改善。

Today, most industrial and homely load application
are all dealing with the electric energy in power
electronic systems and controling the flow of power
to load.In the progress of technology, Microelectronics
and Power Semiconductor technology are continuously
improving in recent year. Power electronic systems design
face to reduce size, cost, and enhanceperformance as
optimum objective. Therefore the power electronic systems development have been respected progressively.
DC motors have high start torque, linearly control achievement and high speed response. Therefore, most
industrial load drives are use DC motors as actuator.
To enhance the systems transmission efficiency, and
reduce unnecessary energy loss, the power electronics converters design are very important. The main purpose
of this thesis aim at the design and analysis of the
normal rated power 450 Watt DC motor on buck dc-to-dc converter. First, we analyze buck dc-to-dc converter
principle, and ideal whole converter designsituation.
Next, we employ a circuit simulation software PSPICE
to design converter and select the circuit element.
Based on the simulation design converter, we practically
make buck dc-to-dc converter and study the difference
between practical design result in non-ideal condition
and theoretical design result in ideal condition.
Simultaneously, we improve practical design produced
non-ideal condition.
Finally, the thesis focus on the difference between
practical design circuit and theoretical design circuit,
and adjust the circuit element range to reach the feasible
of practical circuit application and improve the converter
non-ideal condition.

目 錄
中文摘要..................................................i
英文摘要..................................................ii
目錄 ..................................................iii
圖目錄 ..................................................v
表目錄 ..................................................ix
符號說明..................................................x
中英對照表................................................xi
第一章 緒論
1-1 前言..................................................1
1-2 研究動機與目的........................................1
1-3 文獻回顧..............................................2
1-4 內容架構..............................................3
第二章 直流馬達與降壓式直流-直流轉換器原理與分析
2-1 直流馬達原理..........................................4
2-2 直流馬達模型..........................................5
2-2.1 直流馬達等效模型建立................................5
2-2.2 直流馬達數學模型推導................................5
2-2.3 直流馬達速度控制方法................................6
2-3 降壓式直流-直流轉換器原理與分析.......................7
2-3.1 轉換器基本原理......................................7
2-3.2 連續導通模式之穩態分析..............................8
2-3.3 連續/不連續導通模式之邊界條件.......................13
2-3.4 不連續導通模式之穩態分析............................16
2-3.5 輸出電壓連波與零件之選擇............................19
2-4 降壓式直流-直流轉換器結合直流馬達等效電路模型之分
析....................................................21
第三章 降壓式直流-直流轉換器之電路模擬設計
3-1 電路模擬軟體介紹......................................24
3-2 轉換器模擬電路之規格選取..............................27
3-3 模擬結果與討論........................................29
3-3.1 模擬電路所產生之電壓電流波形圖......................29
3-3.2 模擬結果討論........................................35
第四章 實驗電路實務電路設計與考量
4-1 實驗架構..............................................36
4-2 實驗設備..............................................36
4-3 轉換器電路設計規格....................................37
4-4 轉換器電路模組實務設計與說明..........................37
4-4.1 PWM訊號處理電路.....................................37
4-4.2轉換器功率電路.......................................38
4-4.3 電源調節電路........................................41
4-5 轉換器電路實務設計需考慮的其他條......................42
4-5.1 過電流保護電路設計..................................42
4-5.2功率元件MOSFET的實際特性與並聯探討分析...............42
第五章 實驗結果與理論模擬結果差異性及實務設計改善方式
5-1 功率元件MOSFET閘級驅動端未加閘級電阻所產生情形........44
5-2 閘極驅動電路的實務設計與討論..........................46
5-3 使用模擬電路選取之功率元件與實務應用上所產生問題與改善
......................................................48
5-4 元件值調整後之電路圖..................................49
5-5 功率開關加入緩震電路的情況............................51
5-6 討論..................................................53
第六章 結論與建議.........................................54
參考文獻..................................................55
附錄......................................................58

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