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研究生:何信恩
研究生(外文):Seraph Omphalos Ho
論文名稱:利用熱蒸氣注入/真空萃取技術現地整治受柴油污染土壤之最佳操作條件研究
論文名稱(外文):A Study on Optimal Conditions for In-Situ Remediation of Diesel Contaminated Soils by Steam Injection/Vacuum Extraction
指導教授:楊金鐘楊金鐘引用關係
指導教授(外文):Gordon C. C. Yang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:環境工程研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:165
中文關鍵詞:熱蒸氣注入真空萃取柴油土壤污染
外文關鍵詞:Steam InjectionVacuum ExtractionDieselSoil Contamination
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:13
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本研究利用實驗室規模之土壤管柱模擬熱蒸氣注入/真空萃取法現地整治受柴油污染場址的情形,並採用L9(34)與L4(23)直交表進行對實驗結果的統計分析,以得到各因子間對處理效率相對的影響程度。
L9直交表同時探討土壤水份含量(0、5、10 wt %)、蒸氣注入壓力(4、6、8 Kg/cm2)、污染物初始濃度(4、12、20 wt %)及土壤種類(砂質壤土、坋質壤土)對本實驗的影響及貢獻,評估其處理效率,並尋求此反應系統之最適操作條件。
L4直交表則分別探討三個獨立因子,其中L4-1直交表探討土壤水份含量(5、10 wt %)、蒸氣注入壓力(4、6 Kg/cm2)及管柱末端(有/無)以真空泵抽氣的影響;L4-2直交表則探討土壤水份含量(5、10 wt %)、污染物初始濃度(0.5、20 wt %)及土壤管柱尺寸(管柱長度20 cm、60 cm)的影響。
經由針對L9直交表實驗結果的變異數分析,發現污染物初始濃度對於處理效率的貢獻率最大,達78.01%,土壤種類也佔處理效率的貢獻率12.86%,這二個實驗因子對於處理效率的影響程度達90.87%,而其他實驗因子(蒸氣注入壓力與土壤水份含量)對處理效率的貢獻皆不高,只佔了9.13%的貢獻率。
經由使用L9直交表針對實驗結果的分析,發現針對砂質壤土,在不同污染物初始濃度的情形下,最佳之蒸氣注入壓力為6 Kg/cm2,最佳之土壤水份含量為5 wt %,其處理效率自56.5%~100%。針對坋質壤土,在不同污染物初始濃度的情形下,最佳之蒸氣注入壓力亦為6 Kg/cm2,最佳之土壤水份含量為5 wt %,其處理效率為27.4%~92.0%。
驗證實驗發現,實驗所得處理效率皆落於L9直交表計算所得處理效率的範圍內,顯示理論計算處理效率之可用性。
經由針對L4-1直交表實驗結果的變異數分析,發現土壤管柱末端是否外接真空泵抽氣/抽水影響處理效率的程度最大,達55.04%,蒸氣注入壓力則影響處理效率達32.43%,土壤水份含量則影響處理效率達12.53%。
經由針對L4-2直交表實驗結果的變異數分析,發現污染物初始濃度影響處理效率的程度達81.14%,土壤水份含量則影響處理效率達12.01%,土壤管柱長度則影響處理效率僅6.85%。
此外,本研究亦針對土壤管柱加以保溫進行二個對照實驗,以探討保溫效應對處理效率的影響。實驗結果顯示,保溫與否確實會影響處理效率,若土壤管柱加以保溫,則其處理效率可以提昇約10~20%。
In this work, a study on simulating in-situ remediation of diesel-contaminated soils using steam injection / vacuum extraction was carried out by a bench-scale soil column. Experimental designs the L9(34) and L4(23) orthogonal arrays were used. Experimental results were analyzed statistically to determine the relative contribution of each experimental factor on treatment efficiency. The optimal operating conditions were further determined. Four experimental factors studied in the L9(34) orthogonal arrays are : soil water content (0 wt %, 5 wt %, and 10 wt %), steam injection pressure (4 Kg/cm2, 6 Kg/cm2, and 8 Kg/cm2), initial contaminant concentration (4 wt %, 12 wt %, and 20 wt %) and soil type (sandy loam and silty loam). Three experimental factors studied in the L4-1(23) orthogonal arrays are : soil water content (5 wt % and 10 wt %), steam injection pressure (4 Kg/cm2 and 6 Kg/cm2) and with vacuum extraction or not. On the other hand, three experimental factors studied in the L4-2 orthogonal arrays are : soil water content (5 wt % and 10 wt %), initial contaminant concentration (0.5 wt % and 20 wt %), and soil column length (20 cm and 60 cm).
For the case of the L9 orthogonal arrays, the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown that the initial contaminant concentration yielded the greatest contribution (i.e., 78.01%) to the treatment efficiency. The contributions of the soil type, soil water content, and steam injection pressure were determined to be 12.86%, 5.95%, and 3.18%, respectively. Accordingly, regardless of the initial contaminant concentration, a steam injection pressure of 6 Kg/cm2 and a soil water content of 5 wt% were determined to be the optimal operating conditions for both the sandy loam and silty loam tested. Under the optimal operating conditions, the treatment efficiencies in the ranges of 56.5-100% and 27.4-92.0% were found for the sandy loam and silty loam, respectively. Furthermore, the results of verification experiments were in good agreement with the theoretically calculated treatment efficiencies in all cases.
For the case of L4-1, the results of ANOVA have indicated that having a vacuum extraction unit in the treatment system would yield the greatest contribution (i.e., 55.04%) to the treatment efficiency. In this regard, the contributions of the steam injection pressure and soil water content were determined to be 32.43% and 12.53%, respectively.
Similarly, for the case of L4-2, the initial contaminant concentration gave rise to the greatest contribution of 81.14%, followed by 12.01% due to the soil water content and 6.85% due to the length of soil column.
To determine the effect of the temperature loss from the soil column on the treatment efficiency, two additional experiments were carried out in this regard. Experimental results have shown that having a thermal insulation material surround the soil column would increase the treatment efficiency by 10-20%.
謝誌i
摘要ii
Abstractiv
目錄v
表目錄ix
圖目錄xii
照片目錄xv
第一章 前言1
1.1 研究緣起1
1.2 研究目的3
1.3 研究內容4
第二章 文獻回顧5
2.1 土壤中的油品污染5
2.1.1 柴油之物理及化學性質5
2.1.2 目前油品污染土壤之污染指標與分析方法10
2.1.3 國內對於油品污染場址整治技術的相關研究12
2.2 土壤蒸氣萃取法19
2.2.1 土壤蒸氣萃取法基本原理20
2.2.2 土壤蒸氣萃取法相關理論與影響因子22
2.2.3 加熱式土壤蒸氣萃取法28
第三章 研究架構、實驗材料與設備36
3.1 研究架構36
3.2 實驗材料38
3.2.1 土壤來源38
3.2.2 藥品與試劑38
3.3 實驗設備40
3.3.1 土壤管柱設計及製作40
3.3.2 蒸氣注入/真空萃取法現地模擬系統建立44
3.3.3 其它儀器設備48
3.4 土壤樣品基本性質分析50
3.4.1 粒徑分析50
3.4.2 比重50
3.4.3 pH值52
3.4.4 土壤水份含量52
3.4.5 灼燒減量53
3.4.6 有機物質含量53
3.4.7 比表面積54
3.4.8 電導度54
3.4.9 陽離子交換容量(CEC)-醋酸鈉法55
3.4.10 總石油碳氫化合物含量56
3.5 柴油污染土配製及柴油濃度檢測57
3.5.1 柴油污染土配製57
3.5.2 柴油濃度檢測57
3.5.3 柴油二氯甲烷溶液檢量線59
3.6 蒸汽注入/真空萃取法實驗設計60
3.6.1 田口式實驗設計法-L9與L4直交表60
3.6.2 L9直交表實驗結果之變異數分析及正規分析方法63
3.6.3 L4直交表實驗結果之變異數分析及正規分析方法68
3.7 土壤吸附實驗71
3.7.1 柴油吸附動力實驗71
3.7.2 土壤等溫吸附實驗71
第四章 結果與討論72
4.1 實驗組數表72
4.2 土壤基本性質分析73
4.2.1 粒徑分佈73
4.2.2 土壤基本性質列表76
4.3 土壤吸附實驗77
4.3.1 土壤吸附動力實驗77
4.3.2 土壤等溫吸附實驗80
4.4 蒸氣注入/真空萃取法編號1-9組實驗83
4.4.1 柴油濃度檢測83
4.4.2 反應期間土壤溫度之量測101
4.4.3 反應後土壤電導度之量測108
4.4.4 反應後土壤水份含量之量測109
4.4.5 對照實驗一土壤管柱試驗110
4.4.6 實驗編號1-9組柴油質量平衡111
4.4.7 L9直交表實驗數據變異數分析112
4.4.8 L9直交表回應值分析114
4.4.9 最適操作條件120
4.4.10 驗證實驗122
4.5 蒸氣注入/真空萃取法編號10-15組實驗結果123
4.5.1 土壤管柱末端不外接真空泵之影響123
4.5.2 土壤管柱長度與污染物初始濃度之影響125
4.5.3 蒸氣注入時間延長之影響127
4.6 對照實驗二:保溫與未保溫的影響128
第五章 結論與建議130
5.1 結論130
5.2 建議132
參考文獻133
附錄一 F(m, n)分配函數144
附錄二 L9直交表部分實驗監測表145
附錄三 驗證實驗監測表154
附錄四 L4-1、L4-2直交表部分實驗監測表157
附錄五 對照實驗二實驗監測表164
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