臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

化學混凝程序為最常見的處理水及廢水的技術之一，其主要針對水及廢水中的懸浮顆粒與膠體物質進行去除以達淨化水質之目的，其中進、出流水SS濃度變化是判斷系統處理成效優劣之關鍵，而目前在此部分大多以標準水質分析方法得知水質處理狀況再對處理系統進行控制，但因標準分析方法無法即時量測且所需時間長，故無法即時對系統進行控制與調整，僅少部分以自動監測水質的設備進行量測，但目前即時量測設備大多以接觸性量測為主，因初設成本過高且需定期進行維護與更換耗材，而間接提高處理成本；因此本研究利用光學頻譜分析技術建立光學影像變化與水中SS濃度之關係，發展一套非接觸式光學量測水中SS濃度的技術，以即時提供化學混凝程序中SS濃度資訊，並根據於單槽式批次化學混凝水及廢水處理系統中的量測結果顯示利用光學量測SS濃度具適用性與有效性，且與標準檢測方法比較，在650 nm的波長下，其平均差異值為8.10 mg/L，平均差異百分比為8.42 %；在532 nm的波長下，其平均差異值為23.04 mg/L，平均差異百分比為25.33 %；而此二種量測方法在重複分析上，其平均相對差異百分比皆小於5 %，故由上述結果可得知，本研究所開發的光學影像頻譜分析之技術可有效且即時地提供單槽式批次化學混凝水及廢水處理系統內SS濃度資訊，並藉此資訊使處理系統能達到降低單位處理成本、提升出流水質穩定性及水及廢水處理效率之目的。

Coagulation is one of the most important procedure in water / wastewater treatment. Removing suspended solids and colloidal substances from water and wastewater is the main procedure to achieve the purpose of water purification. The concentration of suspended solid of influent and effluent is to determine the effectiveness of chemical process. The current system using the standard methods can not offer the necessary information immediately and completely which can make control strategy of wastewater treatment. To improve information’s efficiency, this study developed an automatic water quality monitoring system with the optical spectrum analysis technique to measure water quality, which has immediate reaction, cost low construction, etc. In addition, it has the advantage of non-contacted and real-time.
This study is mainly to utilizing optical image spectrum analysis technique to measure suspended solids. And the intensity of beam has been revised from surface to underwater by relationship between intensity and distance. The Optical measure results compare with experimental results of standard methods. At wavelength of the incident beam 650 nm, the average difference is 8.10 mg/L and the average percentage difference is 5.42 %. At wavelength of 532 nm and the average difference is 23.04 mg/L, the average percentage difference is 25.33 %. Besides, all of the percentage of average relative difference are below 5 % for duplicate analysis.
Applying optical image spectrum analysis to develop an automatic real-time water quality monitoring system for suspended solids is steady and accurate. It can not only offer real-time information for wastewater treatment, but also improve the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment.

第一章 前言........................................................1
1.1 研究緣起............................................1
1.2 研究目的............................................2
第二章 文獻回顧...........................................3
2.1 化學混凝程序操作與控制之發展現況...............3
2.1.1 化學混凝之作用機制...............................3
2.1.2 化學混凝加藥控制技術之發展與應用.................3
2.2 水質即時量測之現況與發展............................6
2.2.1 接觸式水質即時量測之現況.........................6
2.2.2 非接觸式水質即時量測之發展.......................7
2.3 水質即時監測於控制上之應用.........................10
第三章 研究方法.........................................12
3.1 研究流程與內容.....................................12
3.2 SS濃度量測原理.....................................14
3.3 SS濃度量測機制.....................................14
3.4 SS濃度量測方法.....................................23
3.5 量測之干擾修正.....................................30
3.5.1 光源............................................30
3.5.2 光感應器........................................32
3.5.3 影像處理........................................33
3.6 量測系統設計與建置.................................35
3.6.1 硬體建置........................................36
3.6.2 軟體設計........................................38
3.7 量測系統架設與校正.................................40
3.7.1 雷射光源之架設..................................40
3.7.2 光感應器之廣角校正..............................41
3.8 SS濃度監測系統測試與驗證...........................45
3.8.1 量測裝置硬體與軟體測試..........................46
3.8.2 SS濃度量測之測試與驗證...........................46
第四章 結果與討論.......................................47
4.1 即時自動監測系統建置之成果.........................47
4.1.1 硬體建置成果....................................47
4.1.2 軟體撰寫成果....................................48
4.2 光學量測干擾因子之探討.............................49
4.2.1 雷射光源穩定性分析..............................50
4.2.2 光感應器穩定性分析..............................51
4.2.3 光感應器之背景值................................51
4.2.4 小結............................................52
4.3 光學SS濃度量測測試與驗證之探討.....................52
4.3.1 距水面不同距離之水平入射光強度變化..............53
4.3.2 650 nm波長之光學影像變化與SS濃度關係建立與驗證..54
4.3.3 532 nm波長之光學影像變化與SS濃度關係建立與驗證..67
4.3.4 小結............................................80
第五章 結論與建議........................................81
5.1 結論...............................................81
5.2 建議...............................................82
參考文獻................................................83

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