臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鑑於現今攝影器材及感測器材日趨微型化，在結合行動通訊器材之後，更是日漸普及於國人的生活之中，但在手持這些錄影設備錄製影像序列時，存在著受到人體或外在影響而有不正常的抖動現象，造成畫面出現過多雜亂的運動分量，影響影片的視覺感受，為了克服這個問題，本論文結合幾種現有之影像穩定技術來解決影像序列不穩定的狀況。

本論文之影像穩定系統以兩個模組相互配合，分別是數位式影像穩定系統及加速度感知系統來進行運動估測、運動平滑化及影像補償的動作。由於現今之攝影器材所拍攝的影像解析度越來越高，為了避免運動估測所造成的計算量過於龐大，在數位式影像穩定系統方面，本論文使用前人所提出的一種以多重不同搜索形狀及距離的位移影像搜索法結合而出的新型位移搜索演算法，其具備有大搜索量及優異的搜索精確性，整個系統架構是以影像感測器進行擷取影像與加速度計來感測之人體手震運動兩部分所組成，並藉由LabVIEW軟體進行兩系統之整合，同時擷取像素位移量以及加速度值，待擷取到兩種數據後，以LabVIEW進行最小均方演算法的訓練，藉此來得到加速度轉換為位移的位移轉換方程式的最佳係數解，由此，我們可以得出內含實驗者手震特徵平滑化、加速度轉像素位移的單位轉換及其他若干環境干擾因子等資訊的位移轉換方程式；最後，將此最佳係數解之位移轉換方程式進行手震模擬，呈現出一個穩健且效果良好的影像穩定系統。

Nowadays, the equipment of photographing and sensing trend to miniaturization increasingly. And when this equipment combines with communication apparatus, it becomes more and more popular in our daily life. However, handing this equipment to record image sequence will make many chaotic components and affect the vision of video easily. That because the unusual shaking from human or external influence. In order to overcome the problem, this thesis combined existential Image Stabilization System to resolve instability of image sequence.

In this thesis there are two matching modules, including digital image stabilization system and acceleration sensor system. And there are three components operating by these two systems, including Motion Estimation, Motion Smoothing and Image Compensation. Nowadays, the resolution of video becomes much higher. In order to deal with the large calculating among when using motion estimation of higher shooting resolution, this thesis utilized a new motion estimation searching algorithmmentioned by predecessor. This algorithm provide with a large capacity and a high accuracy of searching. It used LabVIEW to combine image sensor and accelerometer to sense hand-shake. And the system can capture Pixel Shift and acceleration values in the same time. And then, it can capture the best result of coefficient of transference function of acceleration to pixel displacement by the training of LMS by LabVIEW. In this way, we can obtain transference function, including the smoothness of experimenter’s hand-shake, the unit transference of acceleration to displacement, the environment interference factor and more. Through these processes, it can present a robust and efficient image stability system.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與背景 1
1.3研究目的與方法 4
1.4論文架構 5
第二章、文獻回顧 6
2.1各類影像穩定系統之回顧與介紹 6
2.1.1光學式影像穩定系統 6
2.1.2機械式影像穩定系統 10
2.1.3電子式影像穩定系統 12
2.1.4數位式影像穩定系統 13
2.2影像穩定系統相關文獻回顧 15
第三章、數位影像穩定系統架構 21
3.1數位式影像防手震之運動估測 21
3.1.1影像區塊匹配 21
3.1.2位移搜索模式 23
3.1.3搜索模式演算法 25
3.1.4本論文所應用之搜索演算法 37
3.2慣性感測元件之運動估測 46
3.2.1 MEMS的介紹及市場發展概況 47
3.2.2 加速度計之原理與種類 49
3.2.3 陀螺儀之原理與種類 51
3.2.4 霍爾效應磁感測器之原理與種類 53
3.2.5 本論所應用之運動估測法 54
3.3運動訊號平滑化 56
3.3.1適應性濾波器 58
3.3.2 FLC與最小均方演算法 59
3.4影像補償 64
3.5數位影像防手震演算法與慣性感測元件演算法之優缺點比較 65
第四章、實驗方法與結果 66
4.1實驗設備與場景 66
4.2實驗一介紹 70
4.2.1 X軸的實驗結果與數據 71
4.2.2 Y軸的實驗結果與數據 75
4.3實驗二介紹 79
第五章、結論與未來展望 89
5.1結論 89
5.2未來展望 90
參考文獻 91

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