臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

負向促發效果泛指先前被忽略的干擾物若成為目前需要反應的目標物時，其反應時間會變慢。目前對於負向促發效果的理論解釋主要有抑制論和記憶提取論兩種看法，本實驗試圖以事件相關電位來探討和負向促發效果相關的大腦處理歷程，同時也希望能為抑制論或記憶提取論提供相關的生理研究證據。
實驗一採用語義類別判斷作業，從中操弄促發項干擾物與目標物在偵測項中的重複狀況，結果在目標物重複組中有顯著的正向促發效果，且在偵測項刺激出現後的300〜500毫秒，目標物重複組的振幅會比其控制組顯著偏正；而在干擾物重複組中有顯著的負向促發效果，且在偵測項刺激出現後的520〜670毫秒，干擾物重複組的振幅會比其控制組顯著偏負。而先前的研究資料顯示，此在目標物重複組中所得的正波被認為和記憶提取的歷程有關，而在干擾物重複組中所得的負波則是和抑制的歷程有關，故實驗一的結果支持抑制論對負向促發效果的看法。
實驗二的目的在探討一能影響抑制歷程的變項對於負向促發效果和此負波的影響，結果發現抑制力量介入的大小不僅會影響負向促發效果，同時也會影響此ㄧ負波的大小，故由實驗二可更加的確定此ㄧ負波和抑制作用的相關性。另外實驗二也試圖分析位置特定抑制對負向促發效果的影響，但其效果並未顯著。
故目前的實驗結果顯示了抑制作用對負向促發效果的影響，也對抑制論提供了相關的生理研究證據。

Negative priming effect is an increase in reaction times and errors when responding to a target which was a previously ignored distractor. Following two popular accounts, negative priming may be caused either by an inhibitory process or by a conflict in the retrieval of episodic memory. The aim of this study is to use event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to differentiate between the two accounts.
In experiment one, reaction times and corresponding ERP effects of both positive and negative priming were investigated by using a semantic categorization task. The mean RT was faster in the positive priming condition than in its control condition, and was slower in the negative priming condition than in its control condition. ERPs elicited by the probe stimulus in the positive priming condition showed a positive shift extending from 300 to 500 ms which was related to the implicit memory retrieval process. The probe stimulus in the negative priming condition generated a negative shift of the ERPs extending from 520 to 670 ms which was related to the implicit inhibitory process.
In experiment two, the spatial proximity of targets and distractors was manipulated to affect inhibitory process. Reducing the separation between targets and distractors increased the magnitude of negative priming and the late negativity of the ERPs. This result indicates that negative priming may undergo the inhibitory process, and the late negativity could represent this process.
Based on the above two findings, we suggest that negative priming effect may have a strong relationship with inhibitory process.

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