臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的是探討穩定同位素比質譜儀應用於追蹤濫用藥物與火藥來源的可行性。愷他命是三大約會強暴藥物之一，在台灣的濫用程度有逐年遞增的趨勢，因此其來源的追查值得關切。此外，幫派份子走私、自製槍械彈藥的事件時有耳聞，若能得知火藥的成份來源，則有可能進一步連結相關案件。穩定同位素比質譜儀乃分析化合物中的穩定同位素的含量比值，若化合物是相同來源，則會有相似的同位素比值。
本實驗利用氣相層析同位素比質譜儀探討愷他命與火藥的碳同位素比值，藉以追查其來源。研究結果顯示愷他命的δ13C值可粗略將愷他命樣本分成四組可能來源，並依據判決書記載之各樣品的交易地點，發現δ13C值的分佈與地緣有關。火藥樣品因成份複雜，因此針對主要成份Ethyl Phthalate以及DBP的δ13C值分析，結果發現無法依據單一成分之δ13C值將各廠牌的火藥區分開來，然而若取兩個主要成份，Ethyl Phthalate以及DBP的δ13C值做群集分析則可將樣品做出區別，但無法相當精確，仍有些樣品無法區分。研究亦發現各火藥樣品所含成份與波峰訊號比例值皆不相同，因此無法區分之樣品可依照成份區分；若仍無法區分，再以GC之層析圖譜之成份訊號值比例區分火藥樣品來源。

The purpose of this research is trying to use isotope ratio mass technique (IRMS) to trace the source of abused drugs and gunpowders. Abused drugs include anaesthetic, stimulant, hallucinogen and sedative material. This research focused on ketamine, which is one of the date rape pills. The amount of ketamine that ferreted out by police is increasing yearly. It indicated that ketamine was abused seriously, so it is important to trace the source of ketamine. It is illegal for a person to own or to sell a gun in Taiwan, but many gangsters possess guns secretly. Therefore, there are many shooting fight cases occurred and caused series injuries. These showed that it is important to trace the source of gunpower.
GC-isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry can be used in analysis the ratio of stable isotope element in compounds. The carbon in specific- compound from the same source will have the similar isotope ratio. In this study, we combined the gas chromatography with isotope ratio mass spectrometry to analyze the carbon isotope ratio of ketamine that were from the court. The result showed that δ13C values of 19 ketamine samples can be classified into four groups. It indicated that the ketamine samples might be sold out from four different sources.
Gunpowder was composed of complicated and some thermal unstable components. Among them, δ13C values of the two thermal stable compounds: Ethyl Phthalate and DBP (Dibutyl Phthalate) were analyzed by GC-IRMS. The data shown that δ13C value of single compound from different sample is not distinguishable, however, we can differentiate them by Cluster Analysis of δ13C value of these two components. Few samples that can’t be distinguished by this method can be accomplished by analysis of the GC chromatogram that was obtained in the GC/IRMS running.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
目 錄 III
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機與目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2-1愷他命(Ketamine) 4
2-1-1愷他命的特性 4
2-1-2愷他命的濫用 5
2-1-3濫用藥物在實務上的分析 6
2-2火藥 8
2-2-1火藥的有機成份 8
2-2-2火藥的無機成份 9
2-2-3火藥在實務上的分析 10
2-3氣相層析同位素比質譜儀 11
2-3-1穩定同位素 11
2-3-2氣相層析同位素比質譜儀之原理 13
2-3-3穩定同位素比值 15
2-3-4氣相層析同位素比質譜儀之應用 16
第三章 實驗材料與方法 19
3-1實驗樣品與製備 19
3-2標準品製備 19
3-3實驗確效步驟 20
3-4實驗分析流程 20
第四章 結果與討論 22
4-1愷他命之IRMS分析結果 22
4-1-1愷他命之GC/IRMS分析 22
4-1-2愷他命之來源追蹤 23
4-2火藥之IRMS分析結果 24
4-2-1火藥之GC/IRMS分析 24
4-2-2火藥之來源追蹤 28
第五章 結論 30
第六章 參考文獻 32

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