臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的在瞭解柴油車在排煙污染調修前後之總粒狀污染物（TSP）排放差異與粒狀污染物中可溶性有機成分（SOF）與不可溶成分（IOF）之比率，在四種不同引擎運轉狀況下比率之差異，以及氣狀污染物之狀況。在排放差異上，調修前煙度分別為54.9%、46.7％、63.9％及11.1％，調修後降低為11.3％、8.0％、25.3％及0.3％，可達6成以上之煙度改善；而調修前後之單位行駛里程平均排放量分別為197.8 g/Km與47.1 g/Km，前後差異達4.2倍。在調修前不符合法規排煙標準下之粒狀物採樣中，100％測點SOF比率比IOF高，但在60％與40％測點條件下，則SOF比率比IOF低，Idle條件下約各半。但在排煙調修後100％測點SOF比率明顯比IOF低，在60％與40％測點條件下，則SOF比率反比IOF高，呈現調修前後比率相反之狀態。而在100％測點與Idle之引擎運轉條件下，雖調修後粒狀污染物與煙度達到符合法規標準之調修目的，但氣狀污染物CO與HC濃度反而升高，並未得到確實的調修。另依研究所得數據，調修前後之TSP排放量與煙度，及氣狀污染物之CO與HC的濃度，均有高度之相關。

This study is to understand the emission differences of total particulate pollutant (TSP) before and after improving the exhausting pollution of the diesel vehicles and the ratio of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) and insoluble organic fraction (IOF) in the particulate pollutant and the differences in the four different engine operating condition and the situation of the gaseous pollutants. In the differences of emission, the exhausting rate before improving were 54.9%, 46.7%, 63.9%, and 11.1%; after improving, it was declined to 11.3%, 8.0%, 25.3%, and 0.3%. The smoke were decreased for over 60%. The average emission for the unit mileage were 197.8 g/Km and 47.1 g/Km, which had a 4.2 times of differences. In the sample of the particulate matter which did not comply with the regulation, the SOF rate was higher than IOF in the 100% point. However, in the 60% and 40% points, SOF rate was lower than IOF. In the idle condition, they were about the same. However, after improving the exhausting condition, SOF rate was prominently lower than IOF in the 100% test point. In the 60% and 40% test points, SOF rate was higher than IOF. The rate before and after the improvements reversed. Under the condition of 100% point and idle engine operation, although the particulate pollutant and the exhausting smoke reached to comply with the regulation, the gaseous pollutant CO and HC concentrations went higher, which was not actually improved. Also, according to the figure acquired from the study, the TSP emission and exhausting smoke before and after the improvement and the concentration of CO and HC were related to the height.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅳ
總目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅷ
圖目錄 Ⅸ
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 柴油引擎及其排放特徵 5
2-1-1 柴油引擎運轉特性 5
2-1-2 柴油引擎排放的特性 7
2-1-3 柴油引擎機件劣化污染度升高之可能原因 8
2-2 柴油車排煙污染物 9
2-2-1 可溶性有機成分（SOF） 9
2-2-2 可溶性有機成分的危害風險 9
第三章 實驗設備與方法 11
3-1 柴油車底盤動力計與檢測控制軟體 11
3-1-1 柴油車底盤動力計 11
3-1-2 檢測控制軟體 13
3-1-3 柴油車排煙煙度計與引擎轉速計 14
3-2 不符合煙度排放標準之測試車輛 15
3-3 採樣設備與方法 19
3-3-1 採樣設備系統 19
3-3-2 樣品採樣 26
第四章 品保品管 30
4-1 採樣設備之品保品管 30
4-2 數據分析之品保品管 31
第五章 數據結果與討論 33
5-1 引擎有負載狀態調修前後變化 33
5-1-1 氣狀污染物濃度變化 33
5-1-2 煙度與粒狀污染物前後比較 40
5-1-3 調修前後SOF與IOF之比率比較 45
5-1-4 各測點之狀況探討 47
5-2 引擎Idle狀態調修前後變化 50
5-3 溫度、油量、馬力之關係 52
第六章 結論與建議 55
6-1 結論 55
6-2 建議 57
參考文獻 59
附錄一 實驗相關數據整理 62
附錄二 皮爾森相關係數彙整表 68

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