臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的為探討飼料中添加板藍根或大青葉對肉雞生長性能與免疫反應之影響。本研究分為兩個部份：一、 測定板藍根和大青葉的抗菌及抗氧化能力；二、選取96隻體重相近21日齡之白色肉雞(Arbor Acres)，逢機分配到4個處理組，分別為添加（A）0％、（B）0.5％、（C）1.0％、（D）1.5％的板藍根或大青葉(粉末)。每處理3重複每重複4隻。試驗飼糧為等熱能與等蛋白質之設計，含代謝能3200 kcal/kg、粗蛋白質20％，飼料與飲水採任食，試驗期為三週，採籠飼飼養。雞隻在21、28日齡由翼靜脈注射0.1 mL之0.25％綿羊紅血球，並在21、28、35、42日齡秤量雞隻個別體重及記錄飼料採食量；並由翼下靜脈採血，分離血清，以供測定血液成分及抗體力價。於42日齡試驗結束時，每重複逢機選取雞隻6隻犧牲，採取各部位消化道進行相關性狀測定。試驗結果顯示，大青葉的水層和甲醇層萃取物對金黃色葡萄球菌具有抑菌能力。板藍根、大青葉的甲醇層萃取物具有較好的抗氧化效果。飼糧中添加不同含量板藍根或大青葉，對雞隻的生長性能並無顯著差異(p>0.05)，但隨者添加量之增加會顯著(p <0.05)增加雞隻血清中總蛋白濃度，並顯著(p<0.05)降低血清中尿素氮、肌酸酐、尿酸、膽固醇、三酸甘油酯含量及天冬胺酸轉胺酶(GOT)與丙胺酸轉胺酶(GPT)活性。飼糧中添加板藍根和大青葉也對腸道的相對長度、重量、絨毛的性狀具有影響；板藍根和大青葉可顯著(p<0.05)提高血清中抗綿羊紅血球抗體力價、γ球蛋白含量、皮膚腫脹程度反應，但對白血球比例及次群則無顯著影響。綜合以上結果顯示，板藍根和大青葉均具抗氧化的效果，而大青葉抗菌、抗氧化效果比板藍根佳，並可增加雞隻蛋白質蓄積、降低血液中脂質成分、提高肝臟功能、增加免疫能力，具發展作為飼料添加物以取代抗生素的潛力。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet supplemented with Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves on growth performances and immune response in broilers. This research was divided into two parts: In trial one, antibiotic and anti-oxidant activity of Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves were determined. In trial two, 96 broilers (Arbor Acres) 21 days of age were randomly allocated to four treatments, and were fed with diet with addition of (A) 0 % , (B) 0.5 %, (C) 1.0 %, (D) 1.5 % Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves (powder) in the diet. Each treatment had 3 replicates with 4 birds per replicate. All experimental diets contained 3200 kcal/kg ME and 20 % CP. Birds were housed in wired cages for three-week experimental period, feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Birds were injected intravenously with 0.25 % sheep red blood cell (SRBC) 0.1 mL at 21 and 28 day of ages, body weight, feed intake were recorded at 21, 28, 35 and 42 day of ages. Blood samples were taken at 21, 28, 35 and 42 day of age and serum were separated for blood component and were detemined for antibody titers. At the end of the experiment, 6 chickens per replicate were sacrificed and the sacrifice and the intestines were removed immediately to observe intestine characteristics. The result of the test shows, water and methyl alcohol extracts of Isatis indigotica of leaves have the ability to surpress S. aureus. MeOH extracts of Isatis indigotic of roots and leaves have better anti-oxidant ability. Supplying Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves has no different effect on growth performance (p>0.05) but increases total protein in the serum of birds. It also significantly (p<0.05) decreased contents of BUN, creatininee, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride and activities of GOT and GPT. Supplying Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves in dite changed relative weight and length of gastrointestinal and villus characters. Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves significantly (p<0.05) increase SRBC antibody titer, γ-globulin content, skin of swelling responseno but had no difference on white blood cell count and subpopulation, therefore, Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves both had anti-oxidant abivity, and Isatis indigotica of leaves have better antibiotic actinity. Although Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves did not promote growth performance, they could increase chicken protein accumulation, immune ability and reduce blood fat composition and improve liver function. Therefore, Isatis indigotica of roots and leaves could serve as the feed additive and antibiotics replacement.

中文摘要 A
英文摘要 C
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻檢討 3
一、中草藥的功能 3
(一)、抗菌能力 3
(二)、抗氧化能力 7
(三)、腸道菌相及性狀 10
1. 改變動物腸道菌相 10
2. 改變腸道結構 12
(四)、免疫能力 13
1.雞隻免疫系統介紹 13
2.中草藥對免疫系統的影響 20
二、板藍根及大青葉簡介 22
(一).板藍根 22
(二).大青葉 24
参、材料與方法 26
一.抗菌及抗氧化分析 26
(一)、主要成份萃取方法 26
(二)、抗菌能力 26
(三)、抗氧化能力測定 28
1、硫氫酸鐵法(ferric thiocyanate method) 28
2、總酚含量測定 29
3、總抗氧化能力(TEAC) 30
二、動物飼養管理 34
(一)、試驗設計與試樣採取 34
(二)、測定項目與分析方法 37
1、飼料中一般化學組成分之分析 37
2、生長性狀 37
3、血液性狀 37
4、腸道性狀 38
5、免疫能力測定 38
三、統計分析 47
肆、結果與討論 48
一、抗菌效果 48
二、抗氧化能力 50
三、生長性能 55
四、血液性狀 59
五、腸道性狀 66
六、免疫能力 73
(一)、血清中蛋白質成分之電泳分析 73
(二)、白血球總數及分類 77
(三)、血球凝集反應 79
(四)、皮膚腫脹程度 81
伍、結論 84
陸、參考文獻 86

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