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The financial deficit of the National Health Insurance (NHI) has been concerned the government, law-makers, and the majority of the people in Taiwan since its inception in 1995. Having gone through many controversial issues since 2010, the so-called “second generation” NHI, was finally passed (not without a fight) by the Legislative Yuan on January 4, 2011. Under the new system, the general premium rate based on the stated income will be dropped from 5.17% to 4.91%, but a supplementary of 2% premium rate on “other income” will be implemented. While the alleviation of financial burden based on the new double-tracked premium system is still in doubted, the study of this thesis shall give an insight of its cash flow before the launch in 2012. Owing to the longevity improvement, the proportion of the population of age over 65 has increased from 6.22% in 2001 to 10.63% in 2010. The study of this thesis shows that the aging proportion will reach 24.37% in 2020 causing a huge cost on NHI, and suggests that the Government should be aware and prepared in advance. The data used are monthly data from 2000 to 2009, which bases on the unit of month. Ruin model is used to predict the cash flows of the second generation NHI in the future by simulation. The result shows that the initial premium rates are only good to cover the expenses for the first 6 years with 10 billion initial surplus. It will deteriorate after year 6 due to increased aging population, lower fertility rate, and high cost on medicine. The initial premium rates should be adjusted to avoid financial deficit. In this study, we have tried several premium adjusting models, hoping to bring the second generation NHI sustainable. In particular, the estimated probability of ruin for the second model is only 0.04%, which offers an adequate choice for the government to select after the implementation of the second generation NHI.
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