臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在低傳輸量、高安全性、無傳遞失誤的前提下，本研究以單一微控制器搭配網路控制晶片結構，直接連結網際網路環境，上傳命令指令，下載系統動態資訊，作資訊雙向傳遞，並同時執行系統既定任務的微控制器網際網路伺服器。成功的在資訊收集、即時診療及遠端監控三種不同模式與層次的應用實作，驗證以微控制器網際網路伺服器為核心之泛用型嵌入式系統面對不同運作模式，在系統軟硬體結構不需變動下，皆能應付。其韌體技術，本系統提供一函式化的網際網路通訊協定，讓系統開發者不需瞭解HTTP/TCP/IP通訊技術下，建構微控制器於HTTP通訊協定窗口，直接連結網際網路環境，減少對個人電腦的依靠，同時降低系統開發者對於嵌入式系統新增網際網路通訊的門檻與難度。此外，藉由軟體應用程式學習範例及配合系統開發流程，讓系統開發者快速掌握微控制網際網路伺服軟體結構，縮短系統開發時程。網路安全機制方面，本韌體系統內建一套使用者帳號管理系統，以設定使用者的的系統控制權限，並可透過網際網路通道遠端即時變更。在命令指令傳遞過程，本系統韌體系統內建一命令字串解碼函式，轉譯已編碼之命令字串，提高命令字串傳遞安全性。
論文最後針對不同網路連結方式及實體IP位址不足等問題提出解決方案，以擴大微控制器為核心之網際網路嵌入式伺服器的應用。

On conditions of low-transmission, high-security and no-transmission loss, the research was based on a microcontroller with a network interface to link Internet. It’s a full duplex to transmit commands and dynamic data and then ran the application on system. There were three modes of the device, which could collect the data or log, diagnose on system and monitor and control system remotely. Under these modes, the general-purpose embedded web server depended on the same structure of firmware. In firmware stakes, it comprised a function to link Internet without programming Internet protocols. The device provided HTTP socket when a system programmer called the function. Besides, it decreased the number of computers being used and reduced difficulty for system programmers. By the standard processes and examples, programmers developed the embedded web servers easily and quickly. Taking the network security into account, there was a user management system built in the firmware to limit the right of user. Through Internet, the web administrator would manage immediately. In order to preserve packets intercepted, the firmware included an interpreter translating the command from clients.
To extend the application of embedded web servers, the research contributed solutions to face different network structures and solved the insufficiency of IP address.

目錄
第一章緒論................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景............................................................................ 1
1.2 動機與目標......................................................................... 3
1.3 論文架構............................................................................ 3
1.4 名詞解釋............................................................................ 4
1.4.1 網際網路- internet ..................................................... 4
1.4.2 伺服器- server............................................................ 4
1.4.3 超文字傳輸協定- Hypertext Transfer Protocol............. 5
第二章微控制器網路伺服器發展現況....................................... 6
2.1 文獻探討............................................................................ 6
2.2 微控制器內嵌網際網路通訊協定的限制........................... 9
2.2.1 微控制器資源有限...................................................... 9
2.2.2 系統傳輸規格繁瑣...................................................... 9
2.2.3 系統開發者的障礙.................................................... 10
2.3 現有網際網路伺服器開發模組簡介................................. 10
2.3.1 Atmel - AVR Embedded Web Server.............................. 10
2.3.2 Dallas Semiconductor — Tiny InterNet Interface .......... 11
2.3.3 Microchip — PICDEM.net ............................................ 13
2.3.4 Rabbit Semiconductor - TCP/IP Development Kit ........ 14
2.3.5 P&S DataCom — Webchip ............................................ 15
2.3.6 Ubicom — PhantomServer ............................................ 16
2.3.7 小結........................................................................... 17
第三章系統規劃....................................................................... 19
3.1 微控制器網際網路伺服器系統規劃................................. 19
3.1.1 系統目標.................................................................... 19
3.1.2 軟體功能.................................................................... 19
3.1.3 硬體規劃.................................................................... 21
3.1.4 網路安全機制............................................................ 24
3.2 網際網路窗口的選擇....................................................... 24
3.2.1 UDP - User Datagram Protocol................................... 25
3.2.2 TCP - Transmission Control Protocol .......................... 26
3.2.3 兩傳輸模式比較........................................................ 28
3.3 微控制器選擇................................................................... 28
3.4 開發平台- MICROCHIP PICDEM.NET 系統概況................ 31
3.4.1 軟體結構.................................................................... 31
3.4.2 硬體功能.................................................................... 34
3.4.3 Microchip third party .................................................. 36
3.4.4 PICDEM.net 系統瓶頸............................................... 38
3.5 先前技術- PIC-PROTO 單板電腦韌體技術與硬體規劃. 39
3.5.1 微控制器韌體技術.................................................... 40
3.5.2 軟體開發工具............................................................ 40
3.5.3 硬體周邊規劃............................................................ 41
3.6 泛用型嵌入式網際網路伺服器系統開發......................... 43
3.6.1 PICDEM.net 軟體通訊結構修正................................ 43
3.6.2 微控制器網際網路伺服器泛用目標的實現............... 44
vii
3.6.3 系統軟體結構創新.................................................... 45
3.6.4 泛用型網頁規範........................................................ 47
3.6.5 微控制器韌體堆疊.................................................... 50
3.6.6 網路安全機制............................................................ 51
3.6.7 微控制器升級............................................................ 51
3.6.8 硬體設計變更............................................................ 52
第四章驗證與應用................................................................... 56
4.1 PIC_SERVER.NET 系統驗證.............................................. 58
4.1.1 命令字串網路傳遞測試............................................. 58
4.1.2 遠端訊號輸入顯示.................................................... 60
4.1.3 命令字串處理執行測試............................................. 62
4.2 PIC_SERVER.NET 系統特質............................................... 65
4.2.1 軟體特質.................................................................... 65
4.2.2 硬體規格.................................................................... 66
4.2.3 軟體應用程式動線.................................................... 67
4.3 PIC_SERVER 系統開發流程.............................................. 70
4.3.1 確認系統任務與指令編碼......................................... 70
4.3.2 命令指令處理函式撰寫............................................. 70
4.3.3 系統參數植入網頁陣列............................................. 70
4.3.4 人機介面選擇與指標置入......................................... 70
4.4 PIC_SERVER.NET 系統擴充............................................... 73
4.4.1 微控制器平行選擇.................................................... 73
4.4.2 多微控制器結構........................................................ 74
4.5 PIC_SERVER.NET 系統運作模式....................................... 74
4.5.1 資訊收集模式............................................................ 74
4.5.2 即時診療模式............................................................ 75
4.5.3 遠端監控模式............................................................ 75
第五章實例應用....................................................................... 76
5.1 資訊收集模式- 心電記錄網際網路伺服器..................... 76
5.1.1 系統架構.................................................................... 77
5.1.2 實驗測試.................................................................... 79
5.1.3 結論........................................................................... 82
5.2 即時診療模式- 遠端溫度監控....................................... 83
5.2.1 系統架構.................................................................... 83
5.2.2 實驗測試.................................................................... 85
5.2.3 結論........................................................................... 88
5.3 遠端監控模式— 階層式即時監控系統............................ 89
5.3.1 系統架構.................................................................... 89
5.3.2 實驗測試.................................................................... 91
5.3.3 結論........................................................................... 93
5.4 無線網路環境使用PIC_SERVER.NET ............................... 93
5.4.1 連結無線通訊設備.................................................... 93
5.4.2 透過無線網路之應用................................................. 94
5.4.3 實體IP 位址使用過度問題....................................... 96
5.4.4 小結........................................................................... 98
5.5 總結.................................................................................. 98
第六章結論與建議................................................................... 99
6.1 結論.................................................................................. 99
6.1.1 函式化網際網路環境................................................. 99
6.1.2 命令字串的傳遞........................................................ 99
6.1.3 多元化網頁資訊顯示............................................... 100
6.1.4 友善的軟體開發流程............................................... 100
6.1.5 提供使用者帳號管理............................................... 100
6.1.6 內建網路安全機制.................................................. 100
6.1.7 內嵌預設網站網頁.................................................. 100
6.2 建議................................................................................ 101
6.2.1 使用者規範細膩化.................................................. 101
6.2.2 系統主動通訊.......................................................... 101
6.2.3 系統應用程式遠端即時更新................................... 101
參考文獻.................................................................................. 102
表目錄
表格1 微控制器市場成長趨勢..................................................... 2
表格2 UBICOM 軟體模組............................................................... 17
表格3 MICROCHIP MCU 軟硬體模組............................................ 31
表格4 MICROCHIP 合作伙伴.......................................................... 36
表格5 開發模組比較.................................................................. 37
表格6 PIC_PROTO 腳位規劃........................................................ 42
表格7 PIC16F877 記憶體配置....................................................... 45
表格8 網頁指標與陣列對照表................................................... 49
表格9 PIC18F452 記憶體配置....................................................... 52
表格10 PIC_SERVER.NET 腳位規劃............................................. 55
表格11 PIC18 系列MCU............................................................. 73
圖目錄
圖表1 AVR EMBEDDED WEB SERVER 實體..................................... 11
圖表2 AVR 網際網路通訊協定堆疊............................................. 11
圖表3 TINI 實體........................................................................... 12
圖表4 TINI 網際網路通訊堆疊.................................................... 12
圖表5 PICDEM.NET 實體.............................................................. 13
圖表6 PICDEM.NET 網際網路通訊堆疊....................................... 14
圖表7 RABBIT2000 網際網路通訊堆疊......................................... 15
圖表8 WEBCHIP 系統結構圖......................................................... 16
圖表9 PHANTOMSERVER 實體圖..................................................... 17
圖表10 網際網路通訊結構.......................................................... 25
圖表11 PICMICRO MCU 應用....................................................... 29
圖表12 PICDEM.NET 操作介面................................................... 33
圖表13 PICDEM.NET 硬體配置圖............................................... 34
圖表14 瀏覽器操作介面規劃...................................................... 47
圖表15 微控制器內部韌體及軟體堆疊....................................... 50
圖表16 PIC_SERVER.NET 實體圖................................................ 56
圖表17 PIC_SERVER.NET 系統架構圖......................................... 57
圖表18 PIC_SERVER.NET 實驗架構圖......................................... 58
圖表19 PIC_SERVER.NET 操作介面說明..................................... 59
圖表20 終端機接收畫面.............................................................. 60
圖表21 遠端類比訊號輸入.......................................................... 61
圖表22 遠端數位訊號輸入終端機顯示....................................... 61
圖表23 遠端數位訊號輸入.......................................................... 62
圖表24 遠端命令輸入畫面.......................................................... 63
圖表25 終端機接收遠端命令...................................................... 64
圖表26 遠端命令執行後顯示於網頁........................................... 64
圖表27 應用程式動線.................................................................. 69
圖表28 系統開發流程圖.............................................................. 72
圖表29 心電信號量測系統架構................................................... 76
圖表30 濾波器的頻率響應.......................................................... 78
圖表31 心電訊號示意.................................................................. 78
圖表32 示波器量測心電訊號...................................................... 80
圖表33 RS232 通道心電訊號接收介面....................................... 81
圖表34 PIC_SERVER.NET 遠端量測心電訊號............................. 82
圖表35 遠端溫度控制系統.......................................................... 83
圖表36 遠端溫度控制操作介面................................................... 84
圖表37 溫度控制系統方塊圖...................................................... 85
圖表38 簡化溫度控制系統方塊圖............................................... 85
圖表39 自製溫度控制操作介面................................................... 86
圖表40 MATLAB 模擬系統參數................................................. 87
圖表41 實際溫度控制結果.......................................................... 88
圖表42 階層式即時監控系統結構圖........................................... 89
圖表43 階層式即時監控系統操作介面....................................... 92
圖表44 PIC_SERVER.NET 無線網路應用...................................... 95
圖表45 無線網際網路遠端遙控偵察車....................................... 96
圖表46 PIC_SERVER.NET 於IP 分享器整體系統結構................. 97
圖表47 PIC_SERVER.NET 於無線IP 分享器整體系統結構.......... 98

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