臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一個影像竄改偵測的機制，此機制可以找出JPEG 影像被竄改的位置。
不同於其他機制只對未壓縮影像進行處理，本機制使用JPEG 影像做為輸入。本機
制先從原始影像中算出特徵值，做為浮水印嵌入到經過頻率域轉換的影像中。當有
JPEG 影像需要驗證時，本機制透過取出嵌入的浮水印比對找出被竄改的區域。根據
實驗結果，可確實找出經過JPEG 壓縮影像受到竄改的位置。

This paper presents a tamper detection scheme that can locate the tampered areas in JPEG
images. Unlike other schemes that deal with uncompressed images, the presented scheme
accepts JPEG image as input. The presented scheme calculates the difference values as
the watermark from the host JPEG image and embeds the watermark into the DCT
frequency domain of the image. When there is a JPEG image that needs to be verified, the
scheme compares the watermark to detect the tampered areas. The experimental result
shows the scheme can effectively detect the tampered areas of images that have been
compressed by JPEG.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 介紹 1
1.1 背景 1
1.2 動機 2
1.3 目標 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章 相關背景 5
2.1離散餘弦轉換(Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)) 5
2.1.1 一維離散餘弦轉換 5
2.1.2 二維離散餘弦轉換 6
2.2 Torus Automorphism轉換 6
2.3中值濾波(Median Filter) 7
第三章 影像竄改偵測機制 8
3.1影像浮水印產生與嵌入 11
3.1.1. 前處理 11
3.1.2. 特徵抽取 11
3.1.3. DCT 12
3.1.4. 亂數打散 13
3.1.5. 特徵嵌入 14
3.2. 影像完整性驗證 18
3.2.1. 前處理、特徵抽取、DCT 18
3.2.2. 浮水印取出 18
3.2.3. 亂數反打散 19
3.2.4. 竄改驗證 19
3.2.5.雜訊處理 20
第四章 實驗結果 22
4.1. JPEG壓縮影像 24
4.2. 再次JPEG壓縮影像 31
4.3. JPEG壓縮且竄改影像 45
第五章 結論 54
參考文獻 55
附錄 60

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