跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(216.73.217.127) 您好!臺灣時間:2026/07/30 20:54
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:張宏基
研究生(外文):Hung-Chi Chang
論文名稱:感染廣東住血線蟲之小白鼠腦組織中誘導型一氧化氮合成酉每及細胞核原致癌基因之表現
論文名稱(外文):Expression of nitric oxide synthase and nuclear proto-oncogenes in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice
指導教授:李秀雄李秀雄引用關係蕭松瑞
指導教授(外文):Hsiu-Hsiung LeeSong-Jui Shiow
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中山醫學院
系所名稱:生物化學研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物化學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:100
中文關鍵詞:廣東住血線蟲
外文關鍵詞:Angiostrongylus cantonensis
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:122
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
為探討廣東住血線蟲的致病機轉,本研究以雄性ICR鼠為實驗動物,研究分實驗組與對照組,實驗組餵食廣東住血線蟲第三期幼蟲30隻,感染後1、2、3、4、5、6週均以斷頭方法,分別取其血液及腦組織,藉生化電泳分析(SDS-PAGE)、西方墨點(Western-blot)分析腦部是否有特異性蛋白出現及藉冷凍組織切片分析其py-54、MEK、ERK、iNOS的活性表現以及用HE stain觀看其組織變化情形。
實驗結果:在實驗組與對照組比較時,實驗組py-54、MEK、ERK、iNOS和HE stain在第1、2週並未有明顯表現,而py-54、MEK、iNOS和HE Stain在第3、4、5週有明顯的表現,並且在第6週時慢慢消失。在HE stain中其組織發炎表現現象和包埋切片及Western-blot所觀察到的具一致性。
由以上結果得知廣東住血線蟲,對一些癌化訊息傳遞是有表現而讓組織產生發炎現象。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A.c) male ICR mice were used as experimental animals and divided into experimental group and control group. Each mouse in the experimented group was fed with 30 third stage larvae of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis certain number of animals were sacritied each week after infection till the sixth week to collect blood and brain tissues which were further analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot to identify the change in protein expression the pathogenic mechanism was also dissected from the analysis of py-54、MEK、ERK and iNOS levels in frozen sections histonic changes were. Observed by HE.
The result showed no significant express of stains py-54、MEK、ERK and iNOS levels in both experimental and control groups. First week however on the 2nd 3rd and 4th weeks the protein levels of these signal transductors in experimental mice in creased significantly, followed by a gradual decline on the 5th and 6 weeks. In addition, HE stain showed inflammatory reaction that was cousistant with the results of Western blot and immuno cyto chemistry.
According to the result described above. It indicate that A.c infection induces the expression of some signal transductors that night leads to the inflamation of tissues.

中文摘要1
ABSTRACT2
前言3
第一章 分佈、生活史5
一、廣東住血線蟲之分佈5
二、中間宿主6
三、廣東住血線蟲之生活史8
四、病理及症狀9
五、控制及預防10
第二章 PY-54、PKC、MEK、ERK、INOS和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC之關係11
一、PY-54和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係11
二、PKC和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係12
三、MEK和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係19
四、ERK和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係20
五、INOS和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係21
六、NFΚ-B和C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC致癌基因之關係23
第三章 研究動機25
研究架構26
第四章 材料與方法27
一、材料27
二、方法29
第五章 實驗結果48
一、西方墨點吸漬法偵測PKC、PY-54、MEK、ERK、INOS、C-JUN、C-FOS、C-MYC、NFΚ-B的表現48
二、腦部組織病理切片染色觀察50
三、免疫組織化學染色觀察51
第六章 討論52
SUMMARY59
REFERENCES84

REFERENCES
1. 蕭孟芳,陳正成,陳瑩霖. 1987 . 廣東住血線蟲. P 103-108. 醫學寄生蟲學 2nd ed.
2. Chen, E.R 1979. Angiostrongyliasis and eosinophilic meningitis on
Taiwan: A review. Stidies on angiostrongyliasis in eastern Asia and Austualia. J.H. Cross(editor). U.S. NAMRU-2, Taipei, Taiwan.57-73.
3. Chao, D., C.C. Lee, and Y. A. Chen. 1987. Studies on growth and
distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in Ampullarium
canaliaulatus. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth. 18:248-252.
4. Allicata, J. E. 1965. Biology and distribution of the rat lung worm,
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and other neurological disorders of
man and animals. Advances Pathol. 3, 223.
5. Murrel G. A. C., Francis M. J. O., and Biomley L., Modulation of
fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals., Biochem. J., 265,
659-665, 1990.
6. Church SL, Grant JW, Ridnour LA, Oberley LW, SWanson PE,
Meltzer PS, and Trent JM., Increased manganese superoxide
dimutase expression suppresses the malignant phenotype of human
melanoma cells., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 90, 3113-3117, 1993.
7. Niki E., Active oxygenes and free radicals in biology., J. Jpn. Oil
Chem. Soc., 41(9), 768-773, 1992. (Japanese)
8. Orr FW, Adamson IY, Warner D. The effects of oxygen
radicalmediated pulmonary endothelial damage on cancer
metastasis., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 84, 189-198, 1988.
9. Takai Y, Kishimoto A,Nishizuka Y, Studies on a cyclic nucleotide-
independent protein kinase and its proenzyme in mammalian tissues
J. Biol. Chem., 252, 7603-7609,1977.
10. Warskulat U; Schliess F; Haussinger D. Compatible Organic
osmolytes and osmotic modulation of inducible nitric oxide
synthetase in RAW 264. 7 mouse macrophages. Biol Chem 1998
Jul;379(7):867-74.
11. Takai Y, kishimoto A, Iwasa Y, Kawahara Y, Mori T, Nishizuka Y.
Calcium-dependent activation of a multifunctional protein kinase by
membrane phospholipids., J. Biol. Chem., 254, 3692-3695, 1979.
12. Hisaki T, Stephane. M, Masami S, Koiti T. Mtristorylated alanine-
rich C kinase substrate(MARCKS) a major protein kinase C cubstrate
is an in vivo substrate of proline-directed protein kinase., J. Biol.
Chem., 269, 18299-18302, 1994.
13. Michell RH. Inositol phospholipids and cell surface receptor
function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 415, 81-147, 1975.
14. Chec CC. Protein kinase , ,  and  in C6 glioma cells. TPA
induecd translocation and down-regulation of conventional and new
PKC isoforms but not atypical PKC ., FEBS Lett., 332, 169-173,
1993.
15. Nishizuka Y. The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal
transduction and tomor promotion., Nature, 308, 693-698, 1984.
16. Nishizuka Y., Intracellular signaling by hydrolysis of phospholipids
and activation of protein kinase C., Science, 258, 607-614, 1992.
17. Sharkly NA, Leach KL, Blumberg PM. Competitive inhibition by
diacylglycerol of specific phorbol ester binding., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., 81, 607-610, 1984.
18. Blumber PM. In vitro studies on the model of action of phorbol
ester, peyent tumor promoter., Part 2, CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 8,
199-234, 1981.
19. Nishizuka Y. studies and perspectives of protein kinase C., Science,
233, 305-312, 1989.
20. Nishizuka Y. The molecular heterogeneity of protein kinase C and
its implication for cellular regulation. Nature, 334, 661-665, 1988.
21. Hug H, and Sarra TF. Protein kinase C isoenzymes: divergence in
signal transduction. Biochem. J., 281, 329-343, 1993.
22. Zhou G, Wooten MW, Coliman WS. Regulation of atypical -
protein kinase C in cellular signaling. Exp. Cell Res., 214, 1-11,
1994.
23. Blumberg PM. Complexities of the protein kinase C pathway., Mol.
Carcinogen., 4, 339-334, 1991.
24. Takai Y, Kishimoto A, Inoue M, Nishizuka Y. Studies on a cyclic
nucleotide-independent protein kinase and it proenzyme in
mammalian tissues., J. Biol. Chem., 252, 7603-7609, 1977.
25. Hunter T, Ling N, Cooper JA. Protein kinase C phosphorylation of
the EGF receptor at a threpnine residue close to the cytoplasmic face
of the plasma membrane., Nature, 311, 480-483, 1984.
26. Jacobs S, Sahyoun NE, Saltiel AR, Cuatrecasas P. Phorbol ester
stimulate the phosphorylation of receptors for insulin and
somatomedin C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 80, 6211-6213, 1983.
27. May Ws, Jacobs S, Cuatrecasas P. Association of phorbol ester-
induced hyperphosphorylation and reversible regulation of
transferrin membrane receptors in HL-60 cell., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., 81, 2016-2020, 1984.
28. Le Peuch CJ, Ballester R, Rosen OM. Purified rat brain calcium and
phospholipid-depedent protein kinase phosphorylates ribosomal
protein S6., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 80, 6858-6862, 1983.
29. Berridge MJ. Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol, two
interacting second messengers., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 56, 153-193,
1987.
30. Rozengurt E. Signal transduction pathways in mitogenesis., Brit.
Med. Bull., 45, 515-528, 1989.
31. Maki Y, Bos TJ, Davis C, Starbuck M, Vogt PK. Avian sarcoma
virus 17 carries the iun oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 84, 2848-
2852, 1987.
32. Angel P, Imagawa M, Chiu R, Stein BP, Karin M. Phorbol ester-
inducible genes contain a common cis-element reconized by a TPA
modulated transacting factor. Cell, 49, 729-739, 1987.
33. Berridge MJ.: Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol: Two
interacting second messengers. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 56: 153 —
193,1987.
34. Robert JD , Bruce MS.: Protooncogene c-fos as a transcription
factor. Adv. Can. Res.,55: 37 — 55, 1990.
35. Rochat T, Burkhard C, Finci-Cerkez V. Meda P.: Oxidative stress
causes a protein kinase C-independent increase of paracelllar
permeability in an in vitro epithelial model., Amer. J. Respir. Cell &
Mol. Biol., 9:496 — 504, 1993.
36. Klyszcz-Nasko H., Richter-Landsberg C. Beyersmann D.:
Modulation of bradykinin-inducer calcium signal by oxidation stress
in PC12 cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 306:383 — 390, 1993.
37. Miura T, Muraka S, Ogiso T.: Inhibitory effect of urate on oxidative
damage induced by adrimycin-Fe3+ in the presence of H2o2., Res.
Commun. Chem. Patho. & Pharmac. 79: 75 — 85, 1993.
38. Chakraborti S, Michael JR.: Role of protein kinase C in oxidant-
mediated activation of phospholipase A2 in rabbit pulmonary
arterial smooth muscle cells. Mol. & Cell. Biochem. 122: 9 — 15,
1993.
39. Taher MM, Garcia JG, Natarajan V.: Hydroperoxide-induced
diacylglycerol formation and protein kinase C activation in vascular
endotherial cells. Arch. Biochem. & Biophy. 303: 260 — 266, 1993.
40. Rao GN, Lassegue B, Griendling KK, Alexander RW.: Hydrogen
peroxide stimulates transcription of c-jun in vascular smooth muscle
cells: role of arachidonic acid. Oncogene, 10: 2759 — 2764, 1993.
41. Rao GN, Lassegue B, Griendling KK, Alexander RW and Berk BC.:
Hydrogen peroxide-induced c-fos expression is mediated by
arachidonic acid release: role of protein kinase C. Nucleic Acid Res.
21: 1259 — 1263, 1993.
42. Nomura Y. A transient brain ischemia and bacterial endotoxin-
induced glial iNOS expression and NO-induced neuronal apoptosis.
Toxicol Lett 1998 Dec 28; 102-103: 65-9.
43. Trachtman H. Effects of chemically modified tetracyclines on iNOS
in mesangial cells: impact on experimental glomerulonephritis. Adv
Dent Res 1998 Nov; 12(2): 123-5.
44. McCann SM; Licinio J; Wong ML; Yu WH; Karanth S; Rettorri V.
The nitric oxide hypothesis of aging. Exp Gerontol 1998 NOV-DEC;
33(7-8): 813-26.
45. Hambrdcht R; Adama V; Gielen S; Linke A; Mobius-Winkler S; Yu
J; Niebauer J; Jiang H; Fiehn E; Schuler G. Exercise intolerance in
patients with chronic heart failure and increased expression of
inducible nitric oxide synthase in the skeletal muscle. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1999 Jan; 33(1): 174-9.
46. Gross A; Dugas N; Spiesser S; Vouldoukis I; Damais C; Kolb JP;
Dugas B; Dornand J. Nitric oxide production in human macrophagic
cells phagocytizing opsonized zymosan: direct characterization by
measurement of the luminol dependent chemiluminescence. Free
Radic Res 1998 Fed; 28(2): 179-91.
47. Carraway MS; Piantadosi CA; Jenkinson CP; Huang YC.
Differential expression of arginase and iNOS in the lung in sepsis.
Exp Lung Res 1998 May-Jun; 24(3): 253-68.
48. Furusu A; Miyazaki M; Abe K; Tsukasaki S; Shioshita K; Sasaki O;
Miyazaki K; Ozono Y; Koji T; Harada T; Sakai H; Kohno S.
Expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in
human glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1998 Jun; 53(6): 1760-8.
49. Guthikonda P; Baker J; Mattson DH. Interferon-beta-1-b (IFN-B)
decreases induced nitric oxide (NO) production by a human
astrocytoma cell line. J Neuroimmunol 1998 Mar 1;82(2): 133-9.
50. Bobadilla NA; Gamba G; Tapia E; Garcia-Torres R; Bolio A; Lopez-
Zetina P; Herrera-Acosta J. Role of NO in cyclosporin nephrotoxicity:
effects of chronic NO inhibition and NO synthases gene experssion.
Am J Physiol 1998 Apr; 274(4 Pt 2): F791-8.
51. Thomsen LL; Miles DW. Role of nitric oxide in tumour progression:
lessons from human tumours. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1998 Mar;
17(1): 107-18.
52. Szabolcs MJ; Ravalli S; Minanov O; Sciacca RR; Michler RE;
Cannon PJ. Apoptosis and increased expression of inducible nitric
oxide synthase in human allograft rejection. Transplantation 1998
Mar 27;65(6): 804-12.
53. Rose JW; Hill KE; Wada Y; Kurtz CI; Tsunoda I; Fujinami RS;
Cross AH. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, reduces
inflammation and demyelination produced by theler’s virus infection.
J Neuroimmunol 1998 Jan;81(1-2): 82-9.
54. Wu J; Lin Q; Lu Y; Willis WD; Westlund KN. Changes in nitric
oxide synthase iosforms in the spinal cord of rat following induction
of chronic arthritis. Exp Brain Res 1998 Feb;118(4); 457-65.
55. Smith JR; Hart PH; Coster DJ; Williams KA. Mice deficient in
tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p57, interleukin-4, or
inducible nitric oxide sythase are susceptible to endotoxin-induced
uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998 Mar;39(3): 658-61.
56. Leib SL; Kim YS; Black SM; Tureen JH; Tauber MG. Inducible
nitric oxide synthase and the effect of aminoguanidine in
experimental neonatal meningitis. J Infect Dis 1998 Mar;177(3):
692-700.
57. Luoma JS; Stralin P; Marklund SL; Hiltunen TP; Sarkioja T; Yla-
Herttuala S. Expression of extracellular SOD and iNOS in
macrophages and smooth muscle cells in human and rabbit
atherosclerotic lesions: colocalization with epitopes characteristic of
oxidized LDL and peroxynitrite-modified proteins. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol 1998 Feb;18(2): 157-67.
58. Sayama T; Suzuki S; Fukui M. Expression of inducible nitric oxide
synthase in rats following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res
1998 Jan;20(1) 79-84.
59. Cuzzocrea S; Zingarelli B; Hake P; Salzman AL; Szabo C.
Antiinflammatory effects of mercaptoethylguanidine, a combined
inhibitor ofnitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenger, in
carrageenan-induced models of inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med
1998 Feb; 24(3): 450-9.
60. Gribbe O; Lundeberg T; Samuelson UE; Wiklund NP. Nitric oxide
synthase activity and endothelial ultrastructure in ischaemic skin-
flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1997 Oct;50(7); 483-90.
61. Iadecola C; Zhang F; Casey R; Nagayama M; Ross ME. Delayed
reduction of ischemic brain injury and neurological deficits in mice
lacking the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. J Neurosci 1997
Dec 1;17(23): 9157-64.
62. Wang Y; Aggarwal SK. Effects of cisplatin and taxol on inducible
nitric oxide synthase, gastrin and somatostatin in gastrointestinal
toxicity. Anticancer Drugs 1997 Oct;8(9): 853-8.
63. Hartleb M; Michielsen PP; Dziurkowska-Marek A. The role of
nitric oxide in protal hypertensive systemic and protal vascular
pathology. Acta Gastroenterol belg 1997 Jul-Sep;60(3): 222-32.
64. Ormerod AD; Dwyer CM; Reid A; Copeland P; Thompson WD.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase demonstrsted in allergic and irritant
contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1997 Nov;77(6): 436-40.
65. Gundersen Y; Corso CO; Leiderer R; Dorger M; Lilleaasen P;
Aasen AO; Messmer k.. Use of selective and nonselective nitric
oxide synthase inhibitors in rat endotoxemia: effects on hepatic
morphology and function. Shock 1997 Nov;8(5): 368-72.
66. Feder LS; Stelts D; Chapman RW; Manfra D; Crawley Y; Jones H;
Monnicozzi M; Fernandez X; Paster T; Egan RW; Kreutner W;
Kung TT. Role of nitric oxide on eosinophilic lung inflammation in
allergic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997 Oct;17(4): 436-42.
67. Belmont HM; Levartovsky D; Goel A; Giorno R; Rediske J;
Skovron ML; Abramson SB. Increased nitric oxide production
accompanied by the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase
in vascular endothelium from patients with systemic lupus
erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997 Oct;40(10): 1810-6.
68. Shears LL; Kawaharada N; Tzeng E; billiar TR; Watkins SC;
Kovesdi I; Lizonova A; Pham SM. Inducible nitric oxide synthase
suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. J Clin
Invest 1997 Oct 15;100(8): 2035-42.
69. Adams V; Yu J; Mobius-Winkler S; Kinke A; Weigi C; Hilbrich L;
Schuler G; Hambrecht R. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase
in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with chronic heart failure.
Biochem Mol Med 1997 Aug;61(2): 152-60.
70. Schwartz D; Mendonca M; Schwartz I; Xia Y; Satriano J; Wilson
CB; Blantz RC. Inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase
(NOS) by nitric oxide generated by inducible NOS after
lipopolysaccharide administration provokes renal dysfunction in
rats.J Clin Invest 1997 Jul 15;100(2): 439-48.
71. Edwards PD; Topping D; Kontaridis MI; Moldawer LL; Copeland
EM 3rd; Lind Ds. Arginine-enhanced enteral nutrition augments the
growth of a nitric oxide-producing tumor. J PEN J parenter Enteral
Nutr 1997 Jul-Aug;21(4): 215-9.
72. Matsuoka Y; Kitamura Y; Tooyama I; Kimura H; Taniguchi T. In
vivo hypoxia-induced neuronal damage with an enhancement of
neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in hippocampus.
Exp Neurol 1997 Jul;146(1): 57-66.
73. Laubach VE; Zhang CX; Russell SW; Murphy WJ; Sherman PA.
Analysis of expression and promoter funcyion of the human
inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in DLD-1 cells and monkey
hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997 Apr 10;1351(3): 287-95.
74. Okuda Y; Sakoda S; Fujimura H; Yanagihara T. Nitric oxide via an
inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase is a possible factor to
eliminate inflammatory cells from the central nervous system of
mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J neuroimmunol
1997 Mar;73(1-2): 107-16.
75. Orucevic A; Hearn S; Lala PK. The role of active inducible nitric
oxide synthase exoression in the pathogenesis of capillary leak
syndrome resulting from interleukin-2 therapy in mice. Lab Invest
1997 Jan;76(1): 53-65.
76. Scheller A; Prives C. Simian virus 40 and polyomavirus large tumor
antigens have different requirements for high-affinity sequence
DNA binding. J Virol 1985 May;54(2): 532-45.
77. Ajizian SJ; English BK; Meals EA. Specific inhibitors of p38 and
extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein
kinase pathways block inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor
necrosis with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. J Infect Dis
1999 Apr;179(4): 939-44.
78. Warskulat U; Schliess F; Haussinger D. Compatible organic
osmolytes and osmotic modulayion of inducible nitric oxide
synthase in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. 1Biol Chem 1998
Jul;379(7):867-74.
79. Pahan K; Sheikh FG; Khan M; Namboodiri AM; Singh I.
Sphingomyelinase and ceramide stimulate the expression of inducible
nitric-oxide synthase in rat primary astrocytes. J Biol Chem 1998
Jan 30;273(5): 2591-600.
80. Kashem A; Endoh M; Yano N; Yamauchi F; Nomoto Y; Sakai H.
Expression of inducible-NOS in human glomerulonephritis: the
possible source is infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Kidney Int
1996 Aug;50(2): 392-9.
81. Ruetten H; Southan GJ; Abate A; Thiemermann C. Attenuation of
endotoxin-inducer multiple organ dysfunction by 1-amino-2-
hydroxy-guanidine, a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide
synthase. Br J Pharmacol 1996 May; 118(2): 261-70.
82. Jacquemin E; de Kozak Y; Thillaye B; Courtois Y; Goureau O.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the eye from
endotoxin-induced uveitis rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996
May;37(6): 1187-96.
83. Ikeda K; Kubo S; Hirohashi K; Kinoshita H; Kaneda K; Kawada N;
Sato EF; Inoue M. Mechanism that regulates nitric oxide production
by lipopolysaccharide- stimulated rat kupffer cells. Physiol Chem
Phys Med NMR 1996;28(4): 239-53.
84. de Belder A; Radomski M; Hancock V; Brown A; Moncada S;
Martin J. Megakaryocytes from patients with coronary
atherosclerosis express the inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995 May; 15(5): 637-41.

QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top