臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本研究之目的，在探討增補肌酸對肌肉表現、跳躍能力、肝腎功能指標之影響，及停止增補四週之後的保留效果。
本研究採雙盲實驗設計，將16名大專排球選手（平均年齡22.6 ±2.1歲、平均身高182.0 ±4.9公分、平均體重73.5 ±6.3公斤）隨機分成肌酸組與控制組，每組八名選手。肌酸組增補肌酸（每天20公克、分四次服用、連續六天）及葡萄糖24公克（每天4公克、分四次服用、連續六天）；控制組則服用安慰劑麥芽糊精及葡萄糖，其增補劑量、次數及天數與肌酸組相同。
實驗之第1、8、36天，分別實施身體組成測量、溫蓋特無氧測驗、等長肌力測驗、跳躍能力測驗及血液尿液檢驗。測驗所得資料，經以獨立樣本t考驗、相依樣本配對t考驗及二因子混合設計變異數分析進行各項考驗。結果，肌酸組在增補之後，體重、總作功量與平均跳躍高度，都有顯著增加（p＜.05），並都顯著高於控制組（p＜.05），但在停止增補四週之後，體重與總作功量則都回復增補之前的水準。經過討論之後，本研究獲得以下結論：一、增補肌酸對肌肉的最大等長肌力、最高動力及疲勞指數，沒有顯著效果，但對總作功量則有顯著提昇；二、增補肌酸對單次跳躍的最高跳躍高度，沒有顯著效果，但對間歇跳躍的平均跳躍高度，則有顯著提昇；三、停止增補肌酸四週之後，原有顯著提昇的總作功量，退回原來水準，但平均跳躍高度則仍保留增補效果；四、增補肌酸並未損及肝臟與腎臟功能。
關鍵字：肌酸增補 肌肉表現 跳躍能力 中文摘要
本研究之目的，在探討增補肌酸對肌肉表現、跳躍能力、肝腎功能指標之影響，及停止增補四週之後的保留效果。
本研究採雙盲實驗設計，將16名大專排球選手（平均年齡22.6 ±2.1歲、平均身高182.0 ±4.9公分、平均體重73.5 ±6.3公斤）隨機分成肌酸組與控制組，每組八名選手。肌酸組增補肌酸（每天20公克、分四次服用、連續六天）及葡萄糖24公克（每天4公克、分四次服用、連續六天）；控制組則服用安慰劑麥芽糊精及葡萄糖，其增補劑量、次數及天數與肌酸組相同。
實驗之第1、8、36天，分別實施身體組成測量、溫蓋特無氧測驗、等長肌力測驗、跳躍能力測驗及血液尿液檢驗。測驗所得資料，經以獨立樣本t考驗、相依樣本配對t考驗及二因子混合設計變異數分析進行各項考驗。結果，肌酸組在增補之後，體重、總作功量與平均跳躍高度，都有顯著增加（p＜.05），並都顯著高於控制組（p＜.05），但在停止增補四週之後，體重與總作功量則都回復增補之前的水準。經過討論之後，本研究獲得以下結論：一、增補肌酸對肌肉的最大等長肌力、最高動力及疲勞指數，沒有顯著效果，但對總作功量則有顯著提昇；二、增補肌酸對單次跳躍的最高跳躍高度，沒有顯著效果，但對間歇跳躍的平均跳躍高度，則有顯著提昇；三、停止增補肌酸四週之後，原有顯著提昇的總作功量，退回原來水準，但平均跳躍高度則仍保留增補效果；四、增補肌酸並未損及肝臟與腎臟功能。
關鍵字：肌酸增補 肌肉表現 跳躍能力

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance, jumping ability, and functions of liver and kidney. Double blind experimentation was used in this study. Sixteen college male volleyball players (age=22.6±2.1yrs, height=182.0±4.9cm, weight=73.5±6.3kg) were randomly divided into creatine group (n=8) and control group (n=8). The creatine group took creatine monohydrate six days (4 times/ day and 5 g each time) and glucose six days (4 times / day and 1 g each time). The control group took maltodextrin and glucose as placebo.
On the first, 8th, and 36th days of the experiment, the body composition measurement, the Wingate anaerobic test, the isometric strength test, the jumping ability test, and the blood and urine test were performed. The data collected from the experiment was analyzed by the t-test, the pair t test, and two way ANOVA.
After creatine supplementation, the creatine group have significantly increased on body weight, total work and average jumping height (p<.05), after four weeks of ceasing creatine supplementation, the body weight and total work had returned to pre-loading level. The conclusions of this study are:
1.Creatine supplementation has no significant effect on the maximum isometric strength, the peak force, and the fatigue index, but significantly enhances the total work.
2.Creatine supplementation has no significant effect on the highest jumping height of single jump, but significantly enhances the average jumping height of intermittent jumps.
3.After four weeks of ceasing creatine supplementation the significantly enhanced total work is reduced to pre-loading level, but the average jumping height is kept on the increased level.
4.Creatine supplementation has no negative effects on the liver and the kidney function.
Keywords: creatine supplementation, muscular performance, jumping ability.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………ii
謝誌……………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vii
第一章緒論 ………………………………………………………..1
第一節 問題背景…………………………………………………..1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………..3
第三節 研究假設 …………………………………………………3
第四節 研究範圍…………………………………………………..4
第五節 研究限制…………………………………………………..5
第六節操作性定義………………………………………………..5
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………….……………...7
第一節 肌酸的來源、儲存與代謝功能…………………………..7
第二節 肌酸的增補………………………………………………12
第三節 增補肌酸與肌肉表現……………………………………20
第四節 增補肌酸與跳躍能力……………………………………25
第五節增補肌酸與生化變化……………………………………27
第三章 研究方法與步驟 .……………………………………….. 29
第一節 研究對象………………………………………………... 29
第二節 實驗時間與地點…………………………………………29
第三節 實驗設計…………………………………………………30
第四節 實驗方法…………………………………………………32
第五節資料收集與處理………………………………………....39
第四章 結果 ………………………………………………………41
第一節 實驗情境的檢核…………………………………………41
第二節 分組的均質性考驗………………………………………42
第三節 身體組成的測量結果……………………………………43
第四節 增補前後肌肉表現的變化………………………………44
第五節 增補前後跳躍能力的變化………………………………53
第六節 停止增補之後肌肉表現的變化…………………………60
第七節 停止增補之後跳躍能力的變化…………………………65
第八節 血液與尿液的生化檢驗結果……………………………68
第五章 討論 ………………………………………………………70
第一節 增補肌酸對肌肉表現的影響……………………………70
第二節 增補肌酸對跳躍能力的影響……………………………79
第三節 增補肌酸的保留效果……………………………………83
第四節增補肌酸對肝臟腎臟功能的影響………………………84
第六章 結論與建議…………………..……………………………87
第一節 結論………………………………………………………87
第二節建議………………………………………………………87
參考文獻………………………………..……………………………..89
附錄 ..…………………………….………………………………….106
附錄A 受試者健康狀況調查表………………………………..106
附錄B 受試者須知……………………………………………...107
附錄C 受試者同意書…………………………………………...108
附錄D 實驗所服之肌酸的成分分析.…………………………..109
附錄E 各項指標之原始資料.....………………………………..110
表 目 錄
表3-1 受試對象基本資料.…………………………………………29
表4-1 分組的均質性考驗. .………………………………………..42
表4-2 身體組成的變化及相依樣本配對t考驗表…………….. . .44
表4-3 最大等長肌力的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表….. . .45
表4-4 增補前後最大等長肌力的變化. .…………………………..45
表4-5 最高動力的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表.…………46
表4-6 增補前後最高動力的變化. .………………………………..46
表4-7 總作功量的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表.…………47
表4-8 總作功量單純主要效果考驗的變異數分析摘要表.………47
表 4-9 增補前後總作功量的變化 ………..…………………….....48
表4-10 各區段作功量的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表.……49
表4-11 不同區段作功量單純主要效果考驗的變異數分析摘要表.……………………………………………….50
表4-12 增補前後各區段作功量的變化….…………………………51
表4-13 疲勞指數的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表………….53
表4-14 增補前後疲勞指數的變化………………………………….53
表4-15 最高跳躍高度的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表…….54
表4-16 增補前後最高跳躍高度的變化…………………………….54
表4-17 各回合平均跳躍高度的二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表…….……………………….55
表4-18 不同回合平均跳躍高度單純主要效果考驗的變異數分析摘要表…….……………………………….58
表4-19 增補前後各回合平均跳躍高度的變化…………..………..59
表4-20 生化檢驗結果的變化及相依樣本配對t考驗表………….69
圖 目 錄
圖2-1 肌酸和肌酸酐的合成……………………………………….8
圖2-2 肌酸─磷酸肌酸能量穿梭示意圖…………………………11
圖2-3 增補肌酸後總肌酸和磷酸肌酸的增加比例………………15
圖3-1 實驗流程……………………………………………………31
圖3-2 肌肉表現測驗及抽血流程圖………………………………34
圖3-3 跳躍能力測驗流程圖………………………………………36
圖4-1 三次測驗之間最大等長肌力的變化………………………60
圖4-2 三次測驗之間最高動力的變化……………………………61
圖4-3 三次測驗之間總作功量的變化……………………………62
圖4-4 肌酸組三次測驗之間不同區段作功量的變化……………..63
圖4-5 控制組三次測驗之間不同區段作功量的變化……………..64
圖4-6 三次測驗之間疲勞指數的變化……………………………..65
圖4-7 三次測驗之間最高跳躍高度的變化………………………..66
圖4-8 肌酸組三次測驗之間各回合平均跳躍高度的變化………..67
圖4-9 控制組三次測驗之間各回合平均跳躍高度的變化 ………68

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