臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對傢俱業者採樣分析其呼出氣體之揮發性有機物，觀察揮發性有機物之變異及其受職業暴露影響。除了偵測呼出氣體中揮發性有機物，環境空氣中甲醛及揮發性有機物亦一併量測，再佐以自填式問卷進行連結探討。
研究設計為橫斷研究，選取台北市文昌街、南昌路及台一線新莊路段之傢俱賣場業者為研究對象。傢俱業者細分為一般傢俱業者及系統傢俱業者，並同時收集對照組做組別間差異比較，對照組是選取台北市中小學教職員工，共有一般傢俱業者29人，系統傢俱業者20人，對照組25人。呼出氣體中揮發性有機物以熱脫附配合低溫濃縮捕集以及氣相層析質譜儀進行分析，搭配現有的標準圖譜資料庫進行定性，並採用半定量方式來定量，計算各化合物之肺泡體積含量梯度來表示各化合物在肺泡中的相對量大小。
本研究共分析了60種以上之呼出氣體中揮發性有機物，種類包括直鏈及支鏈碳氫化合物、酮類、呋喃類、芳香族、硫化物、含氯化合物、含氮化合物及其他類等。實驗結果使用SPSS13版軟體進行統計分析，發現有10種揮發性有機物的肺泡氣體含量濃度梯度在三組間的非抽菸受試者達統計上顯著差異（P＜0.05），環境空氣中包含ethylbenzene、1,3-dimethyl-benzene在內共有25種化合物之相對量達統計顯著差異（P＜0.05），三組間空氣中甲醛濃度亦達統計上顯著差異（P＜0.01）。
沒有抽菸習慣的受試者其呼出氣體中pentane的肺泡體積含量梯度在傢俱組與對照組間達統計上顯著差異。經統計後發現pentane的肺泡體積含量梯度與環境空氣中的ethylbenzene、1,3-dimethyl-benzene的相對量亦達顯著差異，故環境空氣中ethylbenzene、1,3-dimethyl-benzene有可能會影響呼出氣體中pentane。

This study was aimed to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air of furniture sales department clerks, and to observe the variation of VOCs from occupational exposure. In addition to exhaled air VOCs, formaldehyde and VOCs in the environmental air were also measured, and there relationship together with items in the questionnaire were discussed.
The study design was a cross-section study. The furniture sales department clerks were divided into common furniture sales department clerks and systematic furniture sales department clerks. Seventy-four volunteers were participated in this study, including twenty-nine in ordinary furniture sales department、twenty in systematic furniture sales department and twenty-five in control. The VOCs in exhaled air was collected in a Tedlar bag and was analyzed using thermal desorption GC/MS. Each compound was identified based on the mass spectrum using Wiley 275 mass spectra library, and semi-quantitative analysis was used to measure the alveolar gradient of each compound.
More than sixty compounds were detected, including alkanes, alkenes, ketones, furans, aromatics, sulfur-containing compounds, chlorine-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds. Statistical analysis indicated that ten compounds in the exhaled air of non-smoking volunteers were significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05). Twenty-six compounds in the air, including ethylbenzene , 1,3-dimethyl-benzene and formaldehyde, were significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05).
The alveolar gradient of pentane in non-smoking volunteers was significantly different between the furniture sales department clerks and the control volunteers, and was significantly different with the relative abundance of ethylbenzene and 1,3-dimethyl-benzene in air. Thus, exhaled air pentane abundance may be influenced by ethylbenzene and 1,3-dimethyl-benzene in air.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 1
第2章 文獻探討 2
2.1 揮發性有機物（VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, VOCS） 2
2.1.1 內生性揮發性有機物（Endogenous Volatile Organic Compounds） 2
2.1.2 甲醛（Formaldehyde，HCHO） 4
2.2 呼出氣體VOCS研究文獻探討 6
2.3 傢俱業VOCS研究文獻探討 7
第3章 研究方法 9
3.1 研究對象 9
3.2 實驗器材與設備 9
3.2.1 藥品和試劑 9
3.2.2 氣體和器材 10
3.2.3 實驗儀器 11
3.3 前處理流程 12
3.3.1 採樣管之填充 12
3.3.2 採樣管之保存 12
3.3.3 採樣管之調態 12
3.3.4 採樣管採樣之流量校正 13
3.3.5 採樣袋淨化 13
3.3.6 問卷設計 13
3.4 採樣流程 13
3.4.1 呼出氣體中VOCs 13
3.4.2 室內空氣之VOCs及甲醛 14
3.4.3 問卷填答 14
3.5 分析流程 14
3.5.1 上機前儀器調態 14
3.5.2 儀器空白之確認 15
3.5.3 分析步驟 15
3.6 儀器條件 16
3.6.1 甲醛分析儀（PPM Formaldemeter 400） 16
3.6.2 熱脫附裝置（O·I·Analytical Model 4560） 16
3.6.3 低溫濃縮捕集裝置（Cryo-Focus Model，CFM） 16
3.6.4 氣相層析儀（HP6890） 16
3.6.5 質譜儀（HP5973） 17
3.7 QA/QC 17
3.7.1 空白樣品（Blank Sample） 17
3.7.1.1 試劑空白（Reagent Blank Sample） 17
3.7.1.2 現場空白（Field Blank Sample） 17
3.7.1.3 運送空白（Trip Blank Sample） 17
3.7.2 重複分析（Duplicate Analysis） 18
3.7.3 品質管制圖 18
3.8 數據收集、處理及統計分析 18
3.9 研究架構 19
第4章 結果與討論 20
4.1 QA/QC 20
4.1.1 空白試驗 20
4.1.2 重複試驗 20
4.1.3 品質管制圖 21
4.2 定性分析 21
4.3 半定量分析（SEMIQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS） 23
4.3.1 肺泡體積含量梯度（Alveolar Gradients） 23
4.4 個人暴露測定 24
4.4.1 環境空氣 24
4.4.2 呼出氣體 24
4.4.3 問卷調查 28
第5章 結論 30
參考文獻 32
附錄 76

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