臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

番石榴(Psidiumguajava L.)種內具更年型與非更年型不同後熟特性品種，於20℃加濕環境下，‘梨仔拔’綠熟果採後呼吸與乙烯生成速率隨貯藏天數增加而上升（最高值分別為78.24 mg CO2 kg-1‧h-1與0.89μmole C2H4 kg-1‧h-1），並呈現果皮轉黃、果肉軟化、香氣產生之典型更年型後熟特徵；反之，‘珍珠拔’綠熟果呼吸速率平緩（約4-7 mg CO2 kg-1‧h-1），乙烯生成量低於0.002 μmole C2H4 kg-1‧h-1，貯藏12天果實外觀與品質無明顯改變，呈非更年型後熟特性。外施10-1000 μL‧L-1丙烯能誘導‘珍珠拔’果實呼吸速率增加、果皮轉色、果肉軟化與香氣產生等後熟反應，但仍無明顯內生乙烯生成。以乙烯生合成中間產物S-adenosylmethionine（AdoMet）與1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid（ACC）處理‘珍珠拔’綠熟果實，ACC處理組於處理後2天釋放大量乙烯（0.04μmole C2H4 kg-1‧h-1），果實逐漸轉黃軟化，並散發香氣；而AdoMet處理者在7天的試驗期間則維持綠熟狀態，進一步暗示‘珍珠拔’果實缺乏系統II ACS活性。分析‘珍珠拔’果實ACS活性亦顯示，其果肉組織ACC oxidase（ACO）酵素活性高於‘梨仔拔’（ 約50 μL C2H4‧g-1 protein‧h-1），但ACC synthase（ACS）活性甚低（0.01-0.06 μmole ACC‧g-1protein‧h-1），即便外施丙烯也無法誘導ACS活性上升。以上結果皆顯示‘珍珠拔’果實無法產生大量乙烯與缺乏系統II ACS活性有關。比對‘珍珠拔’與‘梨仔拔’果實後熟時期主要系統II ACS基因PgACS1衍繹胺基酸序列，發現有三處差異，但皆不在ACS酵素保守區域、不可變異胺基酸位或磷酸化位上，因此這三點突變是否影響ACS酵素活性尚待釐清；利用real-time PCR測量PgACS1於果肉組織表現情況，‘珍珠拔’果實PgACS1mRNA累積雖然也可經由丙烯誘導，但其含量遠低於‘梨仔拔’自然後熟期PgACS1mRNA 累積量。因此，‘珍珠拔’PgACS1由於缺乏系統II ACS自動催化大量表現特性，造成果實ACS活性與ACC含量不足，無法在後熟階段合成大量乙烯，而導致非更年型後熟特徵。

口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
壹、前言 1
貳、前人研究 4
一、 臺灣番石榴產業之品種演進與發展 4
二、 番石榴後熟特性之探討 6
三、 高等植物乙烯生理作用、生合成及訊息傳導 7
四、 乙烯與果實後熟 17
參、材料方法 23
肆、結果 33
伍、討論 38
陸、結論 48
參考文獻 63

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