臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鋼鐵為工業之母，且為一能源消耗密集的工業。尤其對煉鋼廠而言，真空精煉爐的能源消耗約佔1/3以上，因此加強對真空精煉爐之能源節約與減少爐內的能源消耗已成為各煉鋼廠日後重要課題。

本論文將蒸汽噴射式真空泵系統之核心-蒸汽噴射壓縮器，做實驗與理論之性能分析，重點放在流動參數 與幾何參數值 值(蒸汽噴射壓縮器副流體抽吸區面積與主噴嘴喉部面積之比值)之探討。當冷凝器壓力降至某一壓力時，則會造成副流體在蒸汽噴射壓縮器中形成阻塞 ( choking ) 現象，產生最大之抽吸比。而蒸汽噴射壓縮器主要分為主噴嘴、漸縮部、混合腔體、喉部、漸擴部等部位。其蒸汽噴射壓縮器的工作原理為高壓蒸汽動力介質的膨脹功來產生真空。當高壓蒸汽高速噴射通過主噴嘴內；產生極低的吸入壓力狀態，噴射所夾帶吸入介質並將其周圍的液體、氣體加速。通過動能的轉換，此混合物的壓力在到達噴射器的喉部和擴散器時提升至較高蒸汽壓力。

在理論分析上，採用一維可壓縮流體理論，此一模式能簡單的預測蒸汽噴射壓縮器之性能，可提供了一個簡單且精確的流體力學方程式的設計方法。據以取得分析關係，分析在4組不同大小的噴射組件的壓力及馬赫數狀態。最後一維可壓縮流方程式和實驗結果進行了比較。進而推論結果及合理的根據。

Steel Industry is the mother of heavy industry and It is also an energy-consuming intensive industry. A vacuum refining furnace consumes more than one third of a whole steelworks'' energy. Therefore, "How to save the energy of a vacuum refining furnace?" and "How to reduce energy consumption in a furnace?" have become important issues for all steelworks. In this article, we analyze and research by fluid dynamics equations and the experimental data measuring from a steam ejector. The steam ejector include a primary nozzle,a converging part,a mixing chamber,a throat,a diffuser and other parts. The principle of the steam jet ejector is to use the expansion work of the high-pressure steam to produce vacuum. When high pressure steam passes through a nozzle at high speed, the nozzle creates a very low pressure zone that draws in and accelerates the liquid and the gas. When the mixed fluids reach the throat and diffuser, there is higher pressure by converting velocity energy into pressure energy. Therefore, this study provides a simple and accurate theory of fluid mechanics equation. With this theory, we can analyze and define all parts of a steam jet ejector. We give each part a part number and analyze the pressure, Mach number, the amount of the air sucked in. We do it with four different groups of steam ejector parts that come in different sizes. At last, we compare the fluid mechanics equations with experimental results, then we infer the results.

目錄
致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
表目次 vi
圖目次 vii
符號說明 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.1.1 二次精煉之演進 5
1.2 蒸汽噴射壓縮器之原理與應用 6
1.3 蒸汽噴射式真空泵系統之工作原理 10
1.4 文獻回顧 12
1.5 研究目的 17
第二章 實驗設備與步驟 18
2.1 實驗設備 18
2.2 系統構件規格 19
2.2.1 主噴嘴尺寸 24
2.2.2 蒸汽噴射壓縮器測試尺寸 25
2.3 量測儀器 26
2.4 實驗參數 28
2.4.1 蒸汽噴射壓縮器實驗參數 28
2.4.2 冷凝器實驗參數 28
2.5 實驗步驟 28
2.5.1 蒸汽噴射壓縮器實驗數據 31
2.5.2 蒸汽噴射式真空泵實驗數據 36
2.5.3 冷凝器實驗數據 38
第三章 蒸汽噴射壓縮器之一維理論分析 39
3.1 蒸汽噴射壓縮器理論介紹 39
3.2 基本定義 40
3.3 理論推導 42
3.4 蒸汽噴射壓縮器計算程序 53
第四章 蒸汽噴射式真空泵系統之理論和實驗結果與討論 56
4.1 基本構想 56
4.1.1 主流體蒸汽壓力之影響 56
4.1.2 主流體蒸汽溫度之影響 59
4.1.3 副流體冷凝器溫度之影響 61
4.2 幾何形狀對蒸汽噴射壓縮器之影響 64
4.3 不同主噴嘴馬赫數之影響 67
4.4 蒸汽噴射壓縮器性能增強設計實例 70
4.4.1 壓縮比不變，但增加其抽吸比 71
4.4.2 提昇壓縮比 71
4.4.3 降低副流體溫度 72
4.5 蒸汽噴射壓縮器之性能曲線 73
4.6 等熵效率因子之影響 76
4.7 蒸汽噴射壓縮器理論結果與實驗值之比較 85
第五章 結論與建議 86
5.1 結論 86
5.2 建議 89
參考文獻 90

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