臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中 文 摘 要
醇類屬富氧燃料，因此醇類燃料添加劑可促進柴油機之燃燒，亦可降低CO與黑煙之排放量。至於NOX排放量增加或降低，則視所添加之醇類種類而定。異丙醇與柴油之比重相近，具有作為柴油機替代燃料之潛力。本研究將不同比例之異丙醇添加至柴油中，探討在不同負載與轉速下，對於柴油機性能及廢氣排放之影響。
實驗結果發現柴油中添加少量異丙醇時，可有效降低柴油機之bsfc。但異丙醇添加比例增加後，因異丙醇之熱值較低，使得耗油率反而較使用純柴油為高。柴油機在中低負載運轉時，添加異丙醇對於bsCO排放之改善程度不大。但在高負載運轉時，添加異丙醇可使柴油機之bsCO排放降低為使用純柴油之一半左右。柴油中添加異丙醇時，引擎之bsNOX排放亦較使用純柴油時明顯降低。

Abstract
Alcohols are oxygen-enriched fuels. Thus alcoholic fuel additives are able to promote the combustion of diesel engines, and to reduce the exhaust emissions of CO and smoke. Depending on the type of alcoholic fuel additives used, the exhaust NOX emissions may increase or decrease. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has a similar value of specific weight as diesel fuel. It has a high potential to serve as an alternate fuel for diesel engines. This study is to investigate the effects on the performance and exhaust emissions by adding different proportions of IPA into diesel fuel for a diesel engine under different loads and speeds.
The experimental results shows that the bsfc of diesel engine can be effectively reduced by adding little amount of IPA into diesel fuel. But if too much IPA is added, the bsfc would be even larger then the engine burning pure diesel fuel. Adding IPA has minor improvement on the bsCO when the engine is under light or middle loads. It is noticeable that when the engine is under heavy loads, by adding IPA, the bsCO may be reduced to one half of the bsCO expelled from the engine burning pure diesel fuel. When IPA is added into diesel fuel, the experimental results also show that the bsNOXof diesel engine is also observably reduced.

目 錄
頁數
誌謝..................................................................... i
摘要（中）.................................................................... ii
摘要（英）.................................................................... iii
目錄............................................................................. iv
表索引........................................................................ vi
圖索引........................................................................ vii
符號說明……………………………………………. xi
第一章 緒論.............................................................. 1
1-1 研究背景………………………………………….. 1
1-2 研究目標………………………………………….. 3
第二章 理論背景...................................................... 5
2-1柴油引擎燃燒特................................................. 5
2-2柴油引擎污染物排放之種類............................... 6
2-2-1氮氧化物（NOX）................................................... 6
2-2-2粒狀污染物（particulate matter, PM）…............ 7
2-2-3一氧化碳（CO）............................................ 8
2-2-4硫氧化物 （SOX）.......................................... 9
2-2-5二氧化碳（CO2）.......................................... 9
2-3引擎基本操作參數……………………................. 9
2-3-1空氣/燃料..............................…………….. 9
2-3-2柴油與異丙醇之混合燃料............................. 11
2-3-3由廢氣分析數據計算空燃比與當量比.............................................................. 12
2-3-4制動扭矩與功率.......................................... 13
2-3-5制動單位燃料消耗率.................................... 13
2-3-6制動單位排放............................................. 13
第三章 實驗設備與方法....................................... 16
3-1引擎實驗設備與儀器.......................................... 16
3-2油品性質.........................................…………... 18
3-3實驗方法.................................................……….. 20
3-3-1異丙醇與普通柴油混合之安定性....................... 20
3-3-2柴油引擎實驗...................................................... 20
3-4設備校正與實驗步驟.................................…… 21
3-4-1實驗設備校正與檢查................................... 21
3-4-2柴油引擎性能與廢氣測試之實驗步驟……… 23
第四章 實驗結果與討論....................................... 24
4-1不同比例之異丙醇及引擎扭力之影響………….. 24
4-2不同比例之異丙醇及引擎扭力之影響…………... 29
4-3不同引擎轉速及引擎扭力之影響………………... 34
第五章 結論.................................................. 39
5-1結論...................................................………… 39
參考文獻…................................................................ 40
附表..........................................................................… 44
附圖…...................................................................... 49
附錄…........................................................................ 70
附錄一 實驗數據……............................................. 70

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