臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

非洲菊 (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus. ex Hook. f.) 於高溫地區生產亟需選育耐熱品種。以栽培於35/30 ℃、30/25 ℃及25/20 ℃之生長特性評估品種熱適應性之差異，結果於高溫35/30 ℃栽培之 ‘Monte Crysto’ 植株分枝數、花序形成數、花序直徑及花序乾、鮮重未因高溫而下降；而 ‘Ching Shin Huang’ 及 ‘Lisa’ 分枝數及花序形成數皆未下降，但花徑及花序乾、鮮重顯著下降。高溫35/30℃栽培之 ‘Monte Crysto’ 、 ‘Ching Shin Huang’ 和 ‘Lisa’ 花莖長、花莖粗及花莖乾、鮮重及花瓣彩度皆顯著下降，而 ‘Rosalin’ 則分枝數減少且無花序形成，由高溫栽培之分枝性及花序特性顯示 ‘Monte Crysto’ 最耐熱，其次為 ‘Ching Shin Huang’ 及 ‘Lisa’，以 ‘Rosalin’ 為熱敏感品種。且於高溫35/30 ℃栽培之耐熱非洲菊 ‘Monte Crysto’ 葉下表皮氣孔密度增加、葉肉組織增厚、柵狀組織細胞呈柱狀、柵狀及海綿組織之細胞層數增加；而熱敏感品種 ‘Rosalin’ 氣孔密度與葉肉解剖無顯著變化，且葉綠素計讀值下降。
以非洲菊各品種苗株於高溫處理14天內之葉綠素螢光變化及細胞膜熱穩定性做為耐熱指標，耐熱之 ‘Monte Crysto’ 苗株於33 ℃及23 ℃生長14天內Fv / Fm值無顯著差異， ‘Lisa’ 於33 ℃生長者Fv / Fm值略低於23 ℃者，不耐熱的 ‘Rosalin’ 於23℃生長者Fv / Fm維持穩定，而於33 ℃生長七天後Fv/Fm持續下降，顯示 ‘Monte Crysto’ 之第二光合作用系統對高溫較鈍感，而以 ‘Rosalin’ 對高溫較敏感。各品種葉圓片於不同溫度水浴15分鐘後之相對熱傷害 (Relative injury, RI) 值隨水浴溫度升高而上升，各品種RI達50%的溫度，由高到低分別為 ‘Monte Crysto’ (54.1 ℃)、 ‘Lisa’ (53.1 ℃) 及 ‘Rosalin’ (52.2 ℃)，而利用非洲菊夏季熱馴化之葉圓片於53 ℃水浴30 min之相對熱傷害值可區別其細胞膜熱穩定性。
非洲菊 ‘Rosalin’ 瓶插於含30 g•L-1蔗糖之瓶插液中五天後，於光學顯微鏡觀察可於韌皮部及韌皮部纖維組織交界處之細胞內觀察到褐色沉積物質。‘Rosalin’及 ‘Triumph’ 切花瓶插前花莖組織橫切面可觀察到碳水化合物顆粒，存在近韌皮部的皮層細胞內，瓶插於蒸餾水5天後 ‘Triumph’ 花莖組織內的碳水化合物顆粒消失，但瓶插於含30 g•L-1蔗糖與200 mg•L-1 8-HQS之瓶插液中五天後，仍可於花莖橫切面近韌皮部的皮層細胞中觀察到大量的碳水化合物顆粒；而瓶插壽命較長的 ‘Rosalin’ 切花則無論瓶插於蒸餾水或保鮮劑，皆可觀察到此碳水化合物顆粒之存在。
非洲菊切花組織可溶性碳水化合物以葡萄糖濃度最高，花托下0-5 cm於瓶插初期乾重增加，為主要積儲，且花托下0-10 cm花莖於瓶插期間維持較高的可溶性糖濃度。而花托下10-20 cm花莖於瓶插初期可溶性糖濃度快速下降，於瓶插第三至五天則乾重下降，瓶插後期乾物質的分解停滯，而可溶性糖又開始消耗。瓶插液中添加20 g•L-1之葡萄糖、果糖或蔗糖，花莖折曲率皆降為0，但以添加葡萄糖者切花壽命由10天延長為24天效果最顯著，瓶插於果糖溶液者壽命為22天，而瓶插於蔗糖者為20天。

口試委員會審定書 ⅰ
志謝 ⅱ
目錄 ⅲ
表目錄 ⅴ
圖目錄 ⅵ
中文摘要 ⅷ
第一章 前言 (Introduction) 1
第二章 前人研究 (Literature Review) 4
一、 高溫對非洲菊切花生產的影響 4
二、 高溫對作物生長的影響 4
三、 作物避熱之形態特徵 7
四、 作物耐熱生理生化指標 7
五、 非洲菊切花壽命的影響因子 11
六、 切花採後碳水化合物之運移與代謝 16

第三章 高溫對非洲菊生長、光合作用及葉片形態解剖之影響 (Effect of High Temperature on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Morphology and Anatomy of Gerbera) 19
前言 (Introduction) 19
材料與方法 (Materials and Methods) 20
結果 (Results) 24
討論 (Discussion) 27

第四章 以葉綠素螢光與細胞膜熱穩定性為非洲菊耐熱指標 (Assessing Heat Tolerance using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Cell Membrane Thermostability as Heat Tolerant Indicators for Gerberas) 42
前言 (Introduction) 42
材料與方法 (Materials and Methods) 43
試驗一、 非洲菊各品種高溫葉綠素螢光反應及細胞膜熱穩定性 43
試驗二、 栽培溫度對各品種非洲菊相對熱傷害值與葉綠素計讀值的影響 45
試驗三、 利用電解質滲漏率檢測12品種非洲菊之細胞膜熱穩定性 46
結果 (Results) 46
討論 (Discussion) 49

第五章 非洲菊花莖顯微構造 (Microstructure of Gerbera Scape) 59
前言 (Introduction) 59
材料與方法 (Materials and Methods) 60
結果 (Results) 61
討論 (Discussion) 63

第六章 乾重、含水量及可溶性糖與非洲菊花莖折曲之關係 (Changes in Dry Weight, Water Content and Soluble Carbohydrates Associated with Scape Bending in Gerbera Cut Flower) 70
前言 (Introduction) 70
材料與方法 (Materials and Methods) 71
試驗一、 切花乾重、含水量與可溶性糖於瓶插期間之變化 71
試驗二、 瓶插液中外源碳水化合物種類對非洲菊 ‘Ching Shin Huang’ 切花壽命的影響 73
試驗三、 預措液中外源碳水化合物種類及葡萄糖濃度對非洲菊 ‘Ching Shin Huang’ 切花壽命的影響 74
結果 (Results) 75
討論 (Discussion) 80

第七章 結論 (Conclusion) 95
附件一、分場溫度變化圖 115

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