臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在競爭激烈的商場中，可透過供應商和零售商的合作，提升企業的整體競爭力，並有效地增加利潤和降低成本。由於生產過程不完善、機器設備老舊或運送過程之人為疏忽等，將導致零售商收到的貨品中含有不良品。若零售商誤將不良品銷售給消費者，將引起消費者的抱怨、退貨、甚至不再上門購買。所以，對零售商來說，貨品中含有不良品是一項嚴重的問題。另一方面，供應商可藉由提供延遲付款的優惠來吸引零售商訂購較多的數量，即所謂信用交易。在延遲付款期間，零售商收到貨品時不需立即付現，也不用支付利息，並可以利用此期間的銷貨收入賺取利息。當付款期限結束時，若零售商仍有貨品尚未出售，則需負擔庫存貨品的資金積壓成本。另一方面，供應商因延遲收到貨款而產生機會損失成本。
本研究探討兩個存貨模式，第二章建立含有不良品的整合存貨模式，其中供應商和零售商皆提供延遲付款優惠，且需求率與零售商提供的延遲付款期間長度有關。第三章則討論當零售商訂購至某一水準時，供應商才提供延遲付款優惠，且零售商收到的貨品中含有不良品的整合存貨模式。兩個存貨模式皆以單位時間總利潤最大為目標，並各自發展出演算法以利求解。最後以數值範例說明求解過程並做敏感度分析，以瞭解參數值的變動對最適解的影響。

Nowdays, the enterprise can gain competitive advantages, such as increase profit or reduce cost, through the supplier-retailer cooperation. Due to the imperfect production processes, poor performance of machines, careless of workers, an arrival lot might contains defective items. If retailer sells defective items without inspection, it would cause complaint, returned purchase or lost customers forever. Therefore, selling defective items is a serious problem in business. Besides, trade credit is a common strategy in real market. Supplier offers permissible delay in payments to attract retailer to order more quantity. During the trade credit period, retailer does not have to pay when receiving the products, and can use the sales revenue to earn interest. When the trade credit period is due, retailer has to pay interest for the products still in stocks. And, the delayed payments would produce capital opportunity cost for the supplier.
Two inventory models are developed in this paper. In chapter 2, we established an integrated inventory model with defective items under a two-level trade credit policy. Also, the market demand rate depends on the customer’s credit period. In chapter 3, we established an integrated inventory model with defective items, and assumed that supplier offers an order-size dependent permissible delay in payments. Our objective is to maximize the total profit per unit time. We developed algorithm to obtain the optimal solution for each inventory model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedure and sensitivity analysis is also carried out.

目錄
頁次
目錄 I
表目錄 IV
圖目錄 V
使用符號一覽表 VI
基本假設 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻探討 3
1.2.1整合型存貨模式 3
1.2.2不良品 4
1.2.3 延遲付款 5
1.3 研究架構 6
第二章 供應商與零售商皆提供信用交易且含有不良品之整合存貨模式 8
2.1前言 8
2.2符號與假設 9
2.3模式的建立 10
2.3.1零售商單位時間的總利潤 10
2.3.2 供應商單位時間的總利潤 16
2.3.3供應鏈的單位時間總利潤 19
2.4模式求解 21
2.5數值範例 33
2.6小結 38
第三章 延遲付款與訂購量有關且含有不良品之整合存貨模式 39
3.1前言 39
3.2符號與假設 40
3.3模式的建立 41
3.3.1 當 ，即零售商訂購數量沒有超過 ，供應商不提供延遲付款的優惠 41
3.3.2 當 ，即零售商訂購數量超過或等於 ，供應商提供延遲付款的優惠 45
3.4模式求解 52
3.4.1 當 ，即供應商沒有提供延遲付款的優惠 52
3.4.2 當 ，即供應商有提供延遲付款的優惠 54
3.5數值範例 65
3.6小結 69
第四章 結論 70
4.1 主要研究成果 70
4.2 未來研究方向 72
參考文獻 74
附錄.證明 77
表目錄
頁次
表2.1 範例2.1的最適解彙整表 36
表2.2 範例2.2的最適解彙整表 36
表2.3 範例2.3的最適解彙整表 37
表3.1 範例3.1的最適解表 65
表3.2 範例3.2的最適解彙整表 66
表3.3 範例3.3的最適解彙整表 67
表3.4 範例3.4的最適解彙整表 68
圖目錄
頁次
圖2.1 零售商之存貨水準示意圖 11
圖2.2 零售商一個存貨週期中用以計算利息收入和機會成本的數量 13
圖2.3 供應商之累積存貨水準示意圖 18
圖3.1 零售商一個存貨週期中用以計算利息收入和機會成本的數量 47

參考文獻
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英文文獻
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