臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的為針對廣泛的應用於石化工業及一般食品、藥類、化學工業的殼管式熱交換器(Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger, STHE)發展一套最佳化數值設計方法，以電腦輔助分析軟體結合最佳化搜尋方法做最佳化設計(Optimal Design)以提高熱交換器之效能。最佳化之架構係以簡易共軛梯度法(Simplified Conjugate Gradient Method)作為最佳化搜尋之方法，再利用多重物理量(Multiphysics)之分析軟體COMSOL作為格點產生器及正向解之計算處理工具，並以此方式發展出一成功整合格點產生、正向解計算、及最佳化搜尋等最佳化設計步驟。
在熱交換器分析方面，研究中分別針對三維模型之溫度場進行探討，決定最適合之幾何形狀參數，以提出三維STHE殼管排列與大小之最佳化設計結果。設計參數是管排之間的距離與排列方式，目標函數是進口與出口之間的最大溫差，最佳化之目標為提升熱交換器的降溫性能，以達到最大熱交換的功用。在數值分析中，使用納維爾-斯托克斯方程(Navier-Stokes equations)與熱傳方程式(Heat transfer equation)作為統御方程式以求解熱交換器內部之壓力及溫度之分佈。
本研究結果顯示，結合簡易共軛梯度法(SCGM)與數值模擬，進行殼管式熱交換器之最佳化設計，可求得一組最佳化之溫度分佈。藉由最佳化過程中適當的殼管排列幾何參數，可有效達成設計目標，例如提升殼管熱交換的效率等，同時可提高熱交換器的性能。本研究以SCGM為最佳化之演算程式，用以尋找本研究探討圓形熱管在不同的距離參數作用下，對於整體熱交換性能的變化與影響。在三維的殼管式熱交換器設計過程中改善溫度分佈現象為應重視的關鍵。

The aim of this study is to develop an optimal numerical method on the design of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger which is widely used for the petrochemical industry, food industry, medicine industry and chemical industry et al.. The approach is to integrate the computer-aided analysis and optimization method, and then apply this approach to design and optimize the heat exchanger. The design purpose is to enhance the performance of the heat exchanger. The optimization framework consists of a grid generator, a direct solver, and a numerical optimizer. Herein, the Simplified Conjugated Gradient Method (SCGM) is employed to build the optimizer and the multiphsics code COMSOLis used to be the grid generator and direct solver. Among them, an interface program that integrating the optimizer and COMSOLis developed.
In analysis of the heat exchanger, this study investigates the temperature of the three dimensional model to decide the optimal geometric parameters of the STHE tube array and size. The design parameters are the distance between tubes and array type. The objective function is the maximum quantities of heat removal between the domain inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger. This study optimizes these to achieve the optimal performance. It also can improve the temperature distribution of the heat exchanger in the optimal design process. In analysis of the numerical code, the Navier-Stokes equation and the heat transfer equation which are employed as the governing equations to solve the temperature in the heat exchanger.
These results indicate that the optimal design of STHE which is combined with the SCGM and numerical simulation can obtain a largest heat removal. This approach can achieve various design goals by the optimization process of the appropriate geometric parameters of the shell and tube arrangement, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchange. To improve the performance is the key point in the three dimensional optimal design of STHE. In the future, to improve the overall efficiency, there should be established a thermal wind tunnel system and execute related experiments to verify the simulation. We also need to enhance the design parameters to reduce the other effects caused by heat transfer phenomena.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 vi
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
符號索引 xiii
一、緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 熱交換器發展 2
1-3 熱交換器裝置與分類 4
1-4 殼管式熱交換器原理 6
1-5文獻回顧 8
1-6研究動機與目的 12
1-7本文架構 13
二、數值模型與邊界設定 21
2-1 模型介紹與基本假設 21
2-2 數值方法 27
三、最佳化設計 34
3-1 最佳化方法 35
3-1-1 共軛梯度法(CGM) 35
3-1-2 簡易共軛梯度法(SCGM) 36
3-2 簡易共軛梯度法與共軛梯度法的差異與優點 38
3-3 最佳化搜尋器架構 39
3-4 網格測試 39
四、結果與討論 45
4-1 初始模擬分析 45
4-2 最佳化目標函數 46
4-3 最佳化設計結果與討論 47
4-3-1 目標函數之結果與討論 49
4-3-2 設計變數之結果與討論 51
五、結論 82
5-1 結論 82
5-2 未來展望 83
參考文獻 85
個人簡歷 91

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