臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究將非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經高溫（121℃, 15-90 min）萃取蛋白質水解物（retored Achatina fulica protein hydrolysates，RAFPH），其次再以高溫萃取60 min的水解物進一步用酵素（papain, tripsin, alcalase）水解，並分析其水解率、分子量分布、可溶性蛋白質、胜肽含量、抗氧化能力並測定體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解、油脂吸附能力、乳化能力及起泡能力。經121℃加熱15-90 min所製備的蛋白質水解物，其水解率為74.4-78.0%。透過Superdex peptide 10/300管柱進行HPLC膠過濾分析，發現蛋白質水解物分子量主要分布在686-6,511 Da；而在可溶性蛋白質及胜肽含量方面，隨水解時間的延長亦逐漸增加。對於體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解的影響，經由高溫萃取及三種酵素水解，與控制組比較後均有降低膽固醇微膠粒的濃度，顯示具有降低膽固醇吸收的能力。在理化特性評估方面，以高溫萃取15 min組的油脂吸附能力、乳化能力及起泡性較其他時間萃取組佳，分別為2.27 g、3.35 mL及62.9%，而高溫蛋白質萃取物再經酵素水解後，可能由於過度水解導致其理化性質均低於高溫萃取組。本實驗的高溫蛋白質萃取物皆具有良好抗氧化活性，包含清除DPPH自由基（86.6-91.8%）、抑制亞麻油酸氧化（94.1-98.2%）、總抗氧化能力（95.9-97.0%）及還原力值為0.360-0.407（OD 700 nm），在酵素水解方面則以papain及alcalase水解物的抗氧化能力優於trypsin水解組。

Protein hydrolysates from Achatina fulica foot muscle was extracted by high-temperature hydrolysis (121℃, 15-90 min) to obtain a retorted Achatina fulica protein hydrolysates (RAFPH). RAFPH obtained at 60 min was selected to further hydrolyzed with three enzymes (e.g. papain, tripsin, and alcalase) The RAFPH and enzymatic-treated RAFPH was analyzed for their degree of hydrolysis, molecular weight distribution, soluble protein, peptide content, antioxidant capacity, together with measurement of cholesterol-micelles disintegration , fat adsorption, emulsion capacity and foam capacity. The degree of hydrolysis of RAFPH obtained after 15−90 min hydrolysis reached about 74.4-78.0%. Using the gel filtration chromatography on a Superdex Peptide 10/300, the major molecule weight of protein hydrolysates was in the range of 686−6,511 Da. Soluble protein and peptide contents of the RAFPH were increased with prolonged hydrolysis time. For determination of In vitro disintegration of cholesterol in mixed micell, significant decreased concentrations of cholesterol-micelle was observed at high-temperature extraction as well as hydrolysis with papain, trypsin and alcalase, relative to control implying the ability to reduce cholesterol absorption. In the evaluation of physiochemical properties, fat absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity of RAFPH obtained after hydrolysis for 15 min were better than the other, were as high as 2.27 g, 3.35 mL and 62.9%, respectively. The lower physicochemical properties of RAFPH digested with enzymatic hydrolysis relative to the RAFPH along is attributed to the excessive hydrolysis. This study revealed that all RAFPH was found to have a good antioxidant effect on 86.6-91.8% scavenging activity of DPPH radical, 94.1-98.2% inhibition ratio of linoleic acid oxidation, 95.9-97.0% trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and reducing power of 0.360-0.407 value (OD 700 nm). In addition, RAFPH treated with alcalase and papain had better antioxidant capacity than that trypsin treated RAFPH.

頁次
目錄…....................................I
表目錄…....................................V
圖目錄….........................................VII
中文摘要….......................................IX
英文摘要…..........................…………......................XI
誌謝…………………………………………………...…………...…XIII
壹、前…..........................……………………………………......1
貳、文獻整…..........................…….…………………………………….3
一、非洲大蝸....................................................3
二、抗氧化性...............................................6
（一）抗氧化物之作....................................................7
（二）抗氧化活性測.............................................................8
1. 清除DPPH自由基之能..............................................8
2. 螯合亞鐵離子之能力...............................................9
3. 還原力............................................................9
4. 抑制亞麻油酸氧化能力...........................................10
三、蛋白質水解物...................................................10
（一）蛋白質水解方式...........................................10
1. 化學水解方式...............................................10
2. 酵素水解方式..............................................12
3. 蛋白質酵素水解影響因子.......................................12
（二）蛋白質水解物功能特性...........................................15
（三）蛋白質水解物應用及發展.........................................19
四、生物活性胜肽............................................................20
（一）調節免疫活性胜肽.............................................21
（二）荷爾蒙調節胜肽.................................................21
（三）酵素調節及抑制胜肽..............................................21
（四）抗菌及抗病毒胜肽..............................................22
（五）神經活性胜肽....................................................22
（六）抗氧化胜肽..............................23
五、膽固醇吸收......................................................25
六、蛋白質的理化特性................................................26
（一）乳化性質.......................................................26
（二）起泡性質.......................................................27
（三）吸附油脂能力....................................................28
參、材料與方法.......................................................29
一、材料..........................................................29
（一）非洲大蝸牛原料.................................29
（二）藥品及儀器.....................................................29
1. 藥品............................................................29
2. 儀器.............................................................31
二、方法........................................31
（一）實驗設計......................................31
（二）試驗項目...............................................33
1. 高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物...................33
2. 酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉高溫蛋白質水解物….....33
（三）分析方法....................................................33
1. 一般成分之測定....................................33
2. 可溶性蛋白質含量測定......................34
3. 水解率之測定....................................34
4. 胜肽含量的測定.......................................34
5. SDS-PAGE分析......................................35
6. 分子量大小的評估.................................36
7. 蛋白質水解物功能性評估...............................36
（1）清除DPPH自由基能力測定..............................36
（2）螯合亞鐵離子能力測定.......................38
（3）還原力測定............................................38
（4）抑制亞麻油酸氧化作用能力...............................39
（5）總抗氧化力測定............................................40
8. 體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解測定.............................40
9. 理化性質測定................................................41
（1）油脂吸附能力..................................41
（2）起泡能力..................................................42
（3）乳化能力….................................................42
10. 統計分析....................................................43
肆、結果與討論.....................................................44
一、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉以高溫萃取蛋白質水解物之分子量及其功能性評估..........44
（一）高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之產率….........44
（二）高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之水解率及分子量分布...........47
（三）高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之可溶性蛋白與胜肽含量........52
（四）高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之抗氧化能力…………………….54
1. 清除DPPH自由基能力...................................54
2. 螯合亞鐵離子能力...................................57
3. 還原力................................................57
4. 抑制亞麻油酸氧化作用能力.............................60
5. 總抗氧化能力...............................................60
（五）高溫萃取非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物對體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解及其理化性質的影響..........................................64
1. 體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解的影響……...................................64
2. 理化性質............................................66
二、酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉高溫蛋白質水解物的分子量
及其功能性評估.......................68
（一）酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之水解率及分子量分布...........68
（二）酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之可溶性蛋白與胜肽含量..........79
（三）酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物之功能性評估..................82
1. 清除DPPH自由基能力....................82
2. 螯合亞鐵離子能力......................84
3. 還原力.................................84
4. 抑制亞麻油酸氧化作用能力..........87
5. 總抗氧化能力.............................89
（四）酵素水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物對體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解及其理化性質的影響.......................................89
1. 體外膽固醇微膠粒瓦解的影響….......................................89
2. 理化性質.................................93
伍、結論….....................................................96
陸、參考文獻..............................................98

表 目 錄
表2-1、蛋白質水解物分子量的分布範圍.................................16
表2-2、蛋白質水解物之營養產物的理化性質和功能性.....................18
表2-3、抗氧化胜肽的來源..............................................24
表4-1、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉一般成分分析..........................45
表4-2、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物的含氮量及其萃取率變化.............................................................46
表4-3、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間水解物之分子量分布狀況........51
表4-4、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物之可溶性蛋白與胜肽含量變化..................53
表4-5、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物之總抗氧化能力.........62
表4-6、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取15-90 min後水解物之抗氧化能力和水解率.................................................................63
表4-7、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物對膽固醇微膠粒的影響.................................................................65
表4-8、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物的理化性質分析....67
表4-9、以papain水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60之分子量分布........73
表4-10、以trypsin水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60之分子量分布........77
表4-11、以alcalase水解非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60之分子量分布.......78
表4-12、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之總抗氧化能力...................90
表4-13、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之抗氧化能力和水解率..................................91
表4-14、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60對膽固醇微膠粒的影響...............92
表4-15、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60的理化性質...................................94

圖 目 錄
圖2-1、廣東住血線蟲生命週期...............................................................5
圖3-1、圖3-1、本實驗所用之非洲大蝸牛及其腹足肉.......................30
圖3-2、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉蛋白質水解物及其酵素水解物之實驗流程圖..........32
圖3-3、以Superdex peptide 10/300管柱分離不同標準品之滯留時間與分子量之關係.................................................................37
圖4-1、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物之水解率變化..........48
圖4-2、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取15-90 min後水解物之SDS-PAGE電泳圖....49
圖4-3、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃下萃取不同時間後水解物之Superdex peptide 10/300 column 層析圖..................................50
圖4-4、以不同濃度之121℃萃取60 min的非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物之DPPH清除率.............................................................55
圖4-5、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物之DPPH清除率變化.....56
圖4-6、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物螯合亞鐵離子能力變化...58
圖4-7、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物還原力變化...59
圖4-8、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉經121℃萃取不同時間後水解物抑 制亞麻油酸氧化能力變化.........................................................61
圖4-9、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60經papain、trypsin及alcalase處理不同時間後酵素水解物之水解率變化...........69
圖4-10、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉RAFPH-60的不同酵素水解物之SDS-PAGE電泳圖.......70
圖4-11、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60以papain水解15、30、60 min後其Superdex peptide 10/300 column層析圖..........................72
圖4-12、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60以trypsin水解15、30、60 min後其Superdex peptide 10/300 column層析圖...................75
圖4-13、非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60以alcalase水解15、30、60 min後其Superdex peptide 10/300 column層析圖.........................76
圖4-14、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解不同時間之非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之胜肽含量..................80
圖4-15、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解不同時間之非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之可溶性蛋白含量.......81
圖4-16、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得DPPH清除率........................83
圖4-17、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之螯合亞鐵離子能力..........85
圖4-18、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之還原能力..........................86
圖4-19、以papain、trypsin及alcalase水解30 min非洲大蝸牛腹足肌肉水解物RAFPH-60所得之抑制亞麻油酸氧化作用的能力....88

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